Lignicolous marine fungi from southern Chile, including a review of distributions in the southern hemisphere

Hughes, Gilbert C.; Chamut, Patrick S.

doi:10.1139/b71-001

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Both species are today listed as typical marine soft rot degraders in a variety of waters 11,21 . M.pelagica have a wide salinity tolerance 43 and an extensive distribution in oceans and described among the most common fungi imperfecti in the northern colder waters 44 , although it also is observed from the southern hemisphere at the cold waters of Chile 45 . M. pelagica has also been identified as serious degraders of timbers from the historic warship Mary Rose, UK as well as potential degrader of shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of microbial wood degradation in the coastal waters of the Antarctic

Björdal

Dayton

2020

Sci Rep

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Wood submerged in saline and oxygenated marine waters worldwide is efficiently degraded by crustaceans and molluscs. nevertheless, in the cold coastal waters of the Antarctic, these degraders seem to be absent and no evidence of other wood-degrading organisms has been reported so far. Here we examine long-term exposed anthropogenic wood material (Douglas fir) collected at the seafloor close to McMurdo station, Antarctica. We used light and scanning electron microscopy and demonstrate that two types of specialized lignocellulolytic microbes-soft rot fungi and tunnelling bacteria-are active and degrade wood in this extreme environment. fungal decay dominates and hyphae penetrate the outer 2-4 mm of the wood surface. Decay rates observed are about two orders of magnitude lower than normal. the fungi and bacteria, as well as their respective cavities and tunnels, are slightly smaller than normal, which might represent an adaptation to the extreme cold environment. our results establish that there is ongoing wood degradation also in the Antarctic, albeit at a vastly reduced rate compared to warmer environments. Historical shipwrecks resting on the seafloor are most likely still in good condition, although surface details such as wood carvings, tool marks, and paint slowly disintegrate due to microbial decay. Wood is mainly composed of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. These organic components are arranged in complex macro-and micro-fibrils forming the cell wall matrix of each wood fibers. The high concentration of lignin (around 25%) makes wood a very difficult substrate to degrade and only a few specialized organisms in nature have this capacity 1. In marine waters wood degrading organisms can be divided into two groups. The first group consist of macro-organisms (mainly bivalves and crustaceans) that physically gnaw and feed on wood material. The second group are microorganisms , fungi and bacteria, which by enzymatic processes dissolve and utilize the carbohydrates within the wood cell wall 2. Shipworms (Teredinidae and Xylaphagainae) belong to the group of bivalves known as the most aggressive degraders of wood in oxygenated and saline waters worldwide. By forming large internal tunnels they are able to transform solid wooden boards to a perforated material within a few years. This results in a rapid physical breakdown of the wood and a reduction in service life of man-made structures such as harbor pilings and boats 3. The growth, reproduction and distribution of different types of shipworms varies, and their ecology and physiology are well studied 4,5. Microbial degradation of wood in marine waters has received less attention than that of marine borers because the degradation processes are much slower. But in environments where bivalves are physiologically excluded, these specialized fungi and bacteria become the key degraders 6. Such environments include fresh waters, brackish waters, and anoxic waters 7-9. Here wood can survive on the seabed for centuries and unique historic shipwreck can be recovered by ma...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of microbial wood degradation in the coastal waters of the Antarctic

Björdal

Dayton

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Sixty identified species have been reported; 11 are from tropical waters, 51 from subtropical waters and 19 from temperate waters, sensu Hughes (1974). With the exception of a study of the marine fungi in the south of Chile by Hughes and Chamut (1971), the coast of Chile has not been surveyed for marine fungi. The following study was undertaken to identify fungi associated with intertidal wood at selected sites from the subtropical northern part to the antiboreal southern part of Chile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignicolous Marine Fungi from Chile

Shearer¹,

Burgos²

1987

Botm

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Fungi occurring on intertidal wood collected from 16 sites from Arica to Punta Arenas in Chile were identified. Thirty-three Ascomycetes (6 unidentified forms), one Basidiomycete, and eight Fungi Imperfecti were found. Twenty-eight and 15 species are reported for the first time from littoral regions of Chile and South America, respectively. Corollospora maritima, Halosphaeria appendiculata, and Monodictys pelagica occurred throughout the coast of Chile. The absence from all sampling sites of Trichocladiwn achrasporum, a cosmopolitan species, is noteworthy especially since its sexual state, Halosphaeriopsis mediosetigera, occurred at three sites.

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“…Although the species is collected predominantly in tropical-subtropical zones, it is occasionally recorded from temperate marine waters or lakes (Japan: Tubaki and Ito 1973;Maryland: Shearer 1972;Virginia: Kirk and Brandt 1980;Kirk and Schatz 1980;Salton Sea, California: Anastasiou 1963). A record from cold waters in Chile (Hughes and Chamut 1971) appears doubtful since this collection is completely out of the normal range of the species. The teleomorph is less frequently found than the anamorph but always occurs in the same locations as P. proli3ca (Fig.…”

Section: Tolpedospora Radiata Meyersmentioning

confidence: 90%

Marine fungi from Aldabra, the Galapagos, and other tropical islands

Kohlmeyer¹,

Volkmann‐Kohlmeyer²

1987

Can. J. Bot.

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Saprobic higher marine fungi were collected in Aldabra (8 species, 1 variety), Galapagos (10 species), Hawaii (17 species), and Tobago (22 species). The material includes 26 ascomycetes, 1 basidiomycete, and 5 deuteromycetes. Lindra hawaiiensis (Maui) and Massarina thalassiae (Aldabra, Belize, Florida, Galapagos, India (Madras), Mexico (Baja California)) are new species. Distribution maps for the following species are presented: Cytospora rhizophorae, Didymosphaeria rhizophorae, Halosphaeria cucullata – Periconia prolifica, Lindra thalassiae, and Massarina thalassiae. Endemic marine fungi with saprobic modes of life have not been encountered.

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Lignicolous marine fungi from southern Chile, including a review of distributions in the southern hemisphere

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

First evidence of microbial wood degradation in the coastal waters of the Antarctic

First evidence of microbial wood degradation in the coastal waters of the Antarctic

Lignicolous Marine Fungi from Chile

Marine fungi from Aldabra, the Galapagos, and other tropical islands

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