Lignin-based few-layered graphene-encapsulated iron nanoparticles for water remediation

Zhang, Xuefeng; Navarathna, Chanaka; Leng, Weiqi; Karunaratne, Tharindu N.; Thirumalai, R.; Kim, Yunsang; Pittman, Charles U.; Mlsna, Todd; Cai, Zhiyong; Zhang, Jilei

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.129199

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…4i) revealed nanoFe 0 particles were encapsulated by graphitic carbon, which agree with the XRD results. We previously reported that graphitic carbon coatings protect the core nanoFe 0 from oxygen passivation and enhances its heavy metal uptake efficiency (Zhang et al 2021b). SEM-EDS revealed that oxygen was still present in carbon/iron composites synthesized at 900 °C and 1000 °C, suggesting surface oxidation of unprotected nanoFe 0 particles occurred .…”

Section: Effect Of Carbonization Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6j). Additionally, the presence of Pb 2+ on the surface of BC-G@Fe 0 can be attributed to either the oxidation of reduced Pb 0 nanoparticles or precipitation of Pb 2+ compounds during Fe 0 dissolution (Zhang et al 2021b).…”

Section: Heavy Metal Removal Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, nanoFe 0 can capture heavy metal ions such as Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Ag + with the E 0 higher than − 0.44 eV by reduction, sequestering them as solid metal particles (Zhang et al 2021b). Moreover, Fe 2+/3+ ions released from nanoFe 0 dissolution can immobilize heavy metals from wastewater solution through hydrolysis to iron hydroxide and co-precipitation (Zhang et al 2021b). However, nanoFe 0 suffers agglomeration issues because of its ferromagnetic high surface area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Layers of graphene sheets can encapsulate the iron particles to varying thicknesses. Recently, we have reported good heavy metal and nutrient removal from wastewater using BC-supported graphene-encapsulated nanoFe 0 (BC-G@Fe 0 ) composites synthesized via in-situ carbothermal reduction of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 impregnated lignin (Zhang et al 2021b). BC-G@Fe 0 composites were produced by the in-situ carbothermal reduction of FeCl 3 -impregnated sawdust and rice husk and used as persulfate activators for degrading 2,4-dichlorophenol (Zhang et al 2021a) and acetaminophen (Zhuo et al 2022), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolytic synthesis of graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported on biochar for heavy metal removal

Karunaratne

Nayanathara

Navarathna

et al. 2022

Biochar

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Biochar (BC)-supported graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticle composites (BC-G@Fe0) are promising engineering nanocomposites that can be used to scavenge heavy metal from wastewater. However, the production of BC-G@Fe0 through carbothermal reduction using biomass as a carbon source remains challenging because of biomass pyrolysis complications. Here, we examined two carbothermal reduction routes for preparing BC-G@Fe0 using bamboo as the carbon source. The first route impregnated Fe ions (Fe2+/3+) into unpyrolyzed bamboo particles initially, followed by carbonization at 600–1000 °C. This process produced BC-G@Fe0 dominated by iron carbide (Fe3C), which led to low heavy metal removal efficiency (i.e., Cu2+ capacity of < 0.3 mmol g−1). In the second route, bamboo particles were pyrolyzed (600 °C) to biochar first, followed by impregnating this biochar with Fe ions, and then carbonized at 600–1000 °C. This route produces zero-valent iron nanoparticles, which resulted in high heavy metal removal capacities (i.e., 0.30, 1.58, and 1.91 mmol g−1 for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ag+, respectively). The effects of carbonization temperature (600–1000 °C), iron source (i.e., iron nitrates, iron sulfate, ferrous chloride, and ferric chloride), and iron loading (5–40%) on the morphology, structure, and heavy metal ion aqueous uptake performance of BC-G@Fe0 were also investigated. This study revealed the formation mechanisms of BC-G@Fe0 through biomass carbothermal reduction, which could guide the application-oriented design of multifunctional iron-BC composites for water remediation. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Effect Of Carbonization Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heavy Metal Removal Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolytic synthesis of graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported on biochar for heavy metal removal

Karunaratne

Nayanathara

Navarathna

et al. 2022

Biochar

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“…Unlike traditional activated carbon materials [9,10], abundant surface functional groups [11] are easily modified carbon shell and nano-size effect endowed CEMNs with excellent properties in the environmental, energy, and medicine fields. Until now, several approaches have been adopted in preparing carbon-coated nanosized metal particles, but these methods involve high energy consumption, require sophisticated procedures, and have difficulty producing high-purity materials in large quantities [12,13]. Therefore, exploring environmentally friendly and efficient strategies is urgently required in order to overcome these limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses

et al. 2021

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How to design a simple and scalable procedure for manufacturing multifunctional carbon-based nanoparticles using lignocellulosic biomass directly is a challenging task. Based on the green chemistry concept, we developed a novel one-pot solution-phase reaction to prepare carbon-encapsulated magnetic nano-Fe3O4 particles (Fe3O4@C) with a tunable structure and composition through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Fe2+/Fe3+ loaded rattan holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (EmimAc and AmimCl). The detailed characterization results indicated that the Fe3O4@C synthesized from the holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (ILs) under alkaline conditions tends to have a higher saturation magnetization, probably due to the increased iron ions loading. Moreover, increasing the HTC temperature led to an increased abundance of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the synthesized particles and an elevated saturation magnetization. When EmimAc-treated holocelluloses were used as the carbon precursors, well-encapsulated Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were obtained with a maximum saturation magnetization of 42.6 emu/g. This synthetic strategy, coupled with the structure of the iron carbide-based composite and the proposed mechanism, may open a new avenue for the development of carbon-encapsulated iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles.

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Upgrading Lignin into Graphene‐Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

Zhang,

Yan,

Peng

et al. 2024

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Lignin is a promising precursor to produce graphene materials due to its high carbon and aromatic contents. Upgrading lignin into graphene materials has gained significant interests as it offers a cost‐effective and sustainable route to produce high‐performance carbon materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art technologies on lignin to graphene materials with a focus on thermal catalytic and photothermal upgrading. The applications of lignin‐derived graphene materials and the perspectives for mass production of such graphene materials are also discussed.

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Lignin-based few-layered graphene-encapsulated iron nanoparticles for water remediation

Cited by 46 publications

References 72 publications

Pyrolytic synthesis of graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported on biochar for heavy metal removal

Pyrolytic synthesis of graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported on biochar for heavy metal removal

Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses

Upgrading Lignin into Graphene‐Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

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