Lignin dehydrogenative polymerization mechanism: a poplar cell wall peroxidase directly oxidizes polymer lignin and produces in vitro dehydrogenative polymer rich in β‐<i>O</i>‐4 linkage

Sasaki, Susumu; Nishida, Takahiro; Tsutsumi, Yuji; Kondo, Ryuichiro

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00224-8

Cited by 92 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the case of basic peroxidases, the capacity of these enzymes to oxidize S moieties is universally accepted (Bernards et al, 1999;Quiroga et al, 2000;Ros Barceló and Pomar, 2001;Holm et al, 2003;Sasaki et al, 2004), and this observation would explain why antisense suppression of basic peroxidases in transgenic plants produces decreased levels of both G and S lignins (Blee et al, 2003), while antisense suppression of acidic peroxidases produces only decreased levels of G lignins (Li et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussion Basic Zeprxs In Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the Basic Peroxidase Isoenzyme from Zinnia elegans, an Enzyme Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis

et al. 2005

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The major basic peroxidase from Zinnia elegans (ZePrx) suspension cell cultures was purified and cloned, and its properties and organ expression were characterized. The ZePrx was composed of two isoforms with a M r (determined by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time of flight) of 34,700 (ZePrx34.70) and a M r of 33,440 (ZePrx33.44). Both isoforms showed absorption maxima at 403 (Soret band), 500, and 640 nm, suggesting that both are high-spin ferric secretory class III peroxidases. M r differences between them were due to the glycan moieties, and were confirmed from the total similarity of the N-terminal sequences (LSTTFYDTT) and by the 99.9% similarity of the tryptic fragment fingerprints obtained by reverse-phase nano-liquid chromatography. Four full-length cDNAs coding for these peroxidases were cloned. They only differ in the 5#-untranslated region. These differences probably indicate different ways in mRNA transport, stability, and regulation. According to the k cat and apparent K m RH values shown by both peroxidases for the three monolignols, sinapyl alcohol was the best substrate, the endwise polymerization of sinapyl alcohol by both ZePrxs yielding highly polymerized lignins with polymerization degrees $87. Western blots using anti-ZePrx34.70 IgGs showed that ZePrx33.44 was expressed in tracheary elements, roots, and hypocotyls, while ZePrx34.70 was only expressed in roots and young hypocotyls. None of the ZePrx isoforms was significantly expressed in either leaves or cotyledons. A neighbor-joining tree constructed for the four full-length cDNAs suggests that the four putative paralogous genes encoding the four cDNAs result from duplication of a previously duplicated ancestral gene, as may be deduced from the conserved nature and conserved position of the introns.

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Section: Discussion Basic Zeprxs In Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the Basic Peroxidase Isoenzyme from Zinnia elegans, an Enzyme Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis

et al. 2005

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“…Both peroxidases and laccases have been shown to be active in woodforming tissues of Populus and to be capable of polymerizing both monomethoxylated (guaiacyl G) and bimethoxylated (syringyl S) monolignols into lignin-like polymers in vitro (Christensen et al, 1998;Ranocha et al, 1999;Sasaki et al, 2004Sasaki et al, , 2008. More recently, laccases LAC4/IRX12, LAC11, and LAC17 (Zhao et al, 2013) were demonstrated to act redundantly during vessel element and fiber lignification.…”

Section: Spatially Separated Expression Of Phenoloxidases May Enable mentioning

confidence: 99%

AspWood: High-Spatial-Resolution Transcriptome Profiles Reveal Uncharacterized Modularity of Wood Formation in Populus tremula

et al. 2017

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Trees represent the largest terrestrial carbon sink and a renewable source of ligno-cellulose. There is significant scope for yield and quality improvement in these largely undomesticated species, and efforts to engineer elite varieties will benefit from improved understanding of the transcriptional network underlying cambial growth and wood formation. We generated highspatial-resolution RNA sequencing data spanning the secondary phloem, vascular cambium, and wood-forming tissues of Populus tremula. The transcriptome comprised 28,294 expressed, annotated genes, 78 novel protein-coding genes, and 567 putative long intergenic noncoding RNAs. Most paralogs originating from the Salicaceae whole-genome duplication had diverged expression, with the exception of those highly expressed during secondary cell wall deposition. Coexpression network analyses revealed that regulation of the transcriptome underlying cambial growth and wood formation comprises numerous modules forming a continuum of active processes across the tissues. A comparative analysis revealed that a majority of these modules are conserved in Picea abies. The high spatial resolution of our data enabled identification of novel roles for characterized genes involved in xylan and cellulose biosynthesis, regulators of xylem vessel and fiber differentiation and lignification. An associated web resource (AspWood, http://aspwood.popgenie.org) provides interactive tools for exploring the expression profiles and coexpression network.

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“…Nevertheless, horseradish peroxidases (HRP) appear to be incapable of oxidizing the lignin polymer [5] although most DHP studies have employed HRP to oxidize coniferyl alcohol. The HRP displays poor oxidative capacity towards sinapyl alcohol [187]. Sasaki et al [187] have described a cell wall-bound peroxidase that oxidized sinapyl alcohol and polymeric lignin.…”

Section: Delignifying Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HRP displays poor oxidative capacity towards sinapyl alcohol [187]. Sasaki et al [187] have described a cell wall-bound peroxidase that oxidized sinapyl alcohol and polymeric lignin.…”

Section: Delignifying Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Self-Assembled Chaos: Polyphenolic Lignin’s Barrier to Cost-Effective Lignocellulosic Biofuels

et al. 2010

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Phenylpropanoid metabolism yields a mixture of monolignols that undergo chaotic, non-enzymatic reactions such as free radical polymerization and spontaneous selfassembly in order to form the polyphenolic lignin which is a barrier to cost-effective lignocellulosic biofuels. Post-synthesis lignin integration into the plant cell wall is unclear, including how the hydrophobic lignin incorporates into the wall in an initially hydrophilic milieu. Self-assembly, self-organization and aggregation give rise to a complex, 3D network of lignin that displays randomly branched topology and fractal properties. Attempts at isolating lignin, analogous to archaeology, are instantly destructive and nonrepresentative of in planta. Lack of plant ligninases or enzymes that hydrolyze specific bonds in lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) also frustrate a better grasp of lignin. Supramolecular self-assembly, nano-mechanical properties of lignin-lignin, ligninpolysaccharide interactions and association-dissociation kinetics affect biomass deconstruction and thereby cost-effective biofuels production. OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2010, 15 8642

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Lignin dehydrogenative polymerization mechanism: a poplar cell wall peroxidase directly oxidizes polymer lignin and produces in vitro dehydrogenative polymer rich in β‐O‐4 linkage

Cited by 92 publications

References 20 publications

Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the Basic Peroxidase Isoenzyme from Zinnia elegans, an Enzyme Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis

Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the Basic Peroxidase Isoenzyme from Zinnia elegans, an Enzyme Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis

AspWood: High-Spatial-Resolution Transcriptome Profiles Reveal Uncharacterized Modularity of Wood Formation in Populus tremula

Supramolecular Self-Assembled Chaos: Polyphenolic Lignin’s Barrier to Cost-Effective Lignocellulosic Biofuels

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