Lignin depolymerization and biotransformation to industrially important chemicals/biofuels

Pyrolytic lignin: a promising biorefinery feedstock for the production of fuels and valuable chemicals

“…257,258 The reader is referred to dedicated reviews that cover this topic in detail. 254,255,259,260 Another rapidly growing topic in the lignin field is the synthesis and use of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), for which various methods have been investigated (e.g. solvent exchange, acid precipitation, ultrasonication).…”

“…257,258 The reader is referred to dedicated reviews that cover this topic in detail. 254,255,259,260…”

Lignin to value-added chemicals and advanced materials: extraction, degradation, and functionalization

“…The pyrolysis of lignin refers to the energy-intensive thermal-decomposition of lignin without oxygen or with a limited amount of oxygen. 71,72 Oxygen contributes to the rapid decomposition of lignin; however, the bond cleavage is limited to a certain extent without oxygen. 72 Lignin is decomposed into bio-oil, char or gases (CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 , etc .…”

“…71,72 Oxygen contributes to the rapid decomposition of lignin; however, the bond cleavage is limited to a certain extent without oxygen. 72 Lignin is decomposed into bio-oil, char or gases (CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 , etc . ), depending on the temperature, heating rate, time and reactor configuration.…”

Recent Biotechnology Advances in Bio-Conversion of Lignin to Lipids by Bacterial Cultures

“…Conventional biodegradation achieved by fungi (e.g., brown- or white-rot fungi) has some drawbacks in terms of a long pretreatment period and poor environmental adaptability. In contrast, bacteria exhibit rapid reproduction, excellent adaptability to diverse environment, and easier genome editing, making them potential candidates for lignin-degrading strains in the future ( Liu D. et al, 2018 ; Radhika et al, 2022 ). Therefore, the bio-funneling pathway process has attracted great attention due to its ability to overcome the heterogeneity of lignin-derivatives.…”