Lignin Derivatives III. Sulfonate Esters

Dhara, Kaliprasanna; Jain, Rajesh Kumar; Glasser, Wolfgang G.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1993.47.5.403

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Thermal analysis for glass transition temperatures involved a DSC-4 differential scanning calorimeter by Perkin and Elmer (System 4) and a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA) (Polymer Laboratories, Ltd.). The degree of substitution was determined using a modified FTIR-method according to Glasser et al (37,38) based on a commercial cellulose acetate sample (DS 2.45) as standard. Lignin content was determined by UV-spectroscopy in acetone solution at 280 nm in accordance with standard protocol (39).…”

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Thermoplastic Polyesters from Steam Exploded Wood

Glasser

Jain

2001

ACS Symposium Series

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SynopsisThe direct conversion of low-grade woody biomass into useful thermoplastic polymers by chemical modification is illustrated for steam exploded yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) fibers that are esterified in a cellulose-swelling medium. The resulting melt-flowable wood ester mixture was found to be subject to reshaping by melt-processing techniques, or it could optionally be separated into its polymeric constituents (cellulose ester and lignin ester) by choice of appropriate nonsolvent during recovery. The reaction conditions provide for the generation of a thermoplastic cellulose ester/lignin ester mixture with single glass transition temperature that was found to vary with both degree of substitution and lignin content. The esterification and optional fractionation of steam exploded wood is perceived as a possibly simple and inexpensive route to thermoplastic structural polymers from wood. 1 This represents Part 6 of a series of articles on steam assisted fractionation of biomass. Earlier papers in this series have appeared in Biomass and Bioenergy, Bioresource Technology, and the Journal of Applied Polymer Science. IntroductionThe vast majority of renewable natural resources comprises materials that consist of several polymeric constituents (IS). Wood is a multicomponent material composed of principally three polymers, a crystalline homopolysaccharide (cellulose), several types of branched, non-ordered heteropolysaccharides (hemicelluloses), and an apparently non-ordered polyaromatic polymer that shows network-like behavior (lignin) (4). While the chemistry of all three constituents is by and large well understood, the basis for the interaction of these three polymers is still subject to some conjecture (5,6).The separation of constitutive polymers from wood and related woody biomass is the subject of dozens of commercial and semicommercial separation processes, including, but not limited to, pulping processes (7,8). In addition, there are hundreds of patents describing technology for the isolation of constitutive plant polymers. Commercially successful wood fractionation technologies usually focus on the separation of a single end product, with the rest being discarded or incinerated. This is the case for pulping processes as well as for wood saccharification and furfural production. It is apparently easier to optimize a separation technology for the purity and performance requirements of a single end product without having to be concerned with the remainder. Although there have been serious attempts at multiproduct processes, such as those aiming at the isolation of cellulose and lignin by organosolv pulping (9,10), these processes have largely failed, in part because of a mismatching of market size for the individual end products.In addition to acquiring knowledge about the chemical composition of all wood-based polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin [11 J), much has been learned about controlling product characteristics and properties via chemical modification (12)(13)(14). In additio...

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Thermoplastic Polyesters from Steam Exploded Wood

Glasser

Jain

2001

ACS Symposium Series

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Succinoylation of wheat straw hemicelluloses in N,N‐dimethylformamide/lithium chloride systems

Sun

Sun²,

Zhang³

2001

Polymer International

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The chemical modification of native wheat straw hemicelluloses with succinic anhydride using N,N‐dimethylformamide/lithium chloride system as solvent and pyridine and/or 4‐dimethyaminopyridine as catalyst has been examined. In particular, the progress of the succinoylation reaction is studied as a function of the molar ratio of succinic anhydride/anhydroxylose unit in native hemicelluloses from 1:1 to 5:1, DMAP concentration 0.025–0.20 g, reaction temperature 40–140 °C, and reaction time 2–12 h with succinic anhydride. The degree of substitution of succinylated hemicelluloses ranges between 0.4 and 1.5 depending on the experimental conditions. FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic characterization of the esterified polymers indicates a monoester substitution. The thermal stability of the esterified polymer decreases slightly upon chemical modification, but no significant further decrease in thermal stability is observed for DS ≥ 0.7.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry

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Lignin-Based Polymers

Glasser

2016

Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering

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Lignin Derivatives III. Sulfonate Esters

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Thermoplastic Polyesters from Steam Exploded Wood

Thermoplastic Polyesters from Steam Exploded Wood

Succinoylation of wheat straw hemicelluloses in N,N‐dimethylformamide/lithium chloride systems

Lignin-Based Polymers

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