Lignin-polymer systems and some applications

Feldman, D.; Lacasse, Michael A.; Beznaczuk, L.M.

doi:10.1016/0079-6700(86)90002-x

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…), it can be chemically modified as a raw material or incorporated into polymer matrix as filler to develop lignin-based materials. 3 For example, lignin as precursor has been used to synthesize many kinds of polymer materials, such as phenol-formaldehyde resin, 4,5 polyurethane, 6,7 polyester, 8 and so on. Meanwhile, lignin was also blended with rubber, 9,10 polyolefin, 11,12 polyester, [13][14][15] polyether, 16,17 starch, 18 and soy protein [19][20][21] to enhance the strength, water resistance, thermal stability, and other properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced mechanical performances of waterborne polyurethane loaded with lignosulfonate and its supramolecular complexes

Cui

Xia

Chen

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The modified waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with enhanced mechanical properties has been prepared after introducing lignosulfonate calcium (LS). Meanwhile, the LS was associated with WPU component by chemical grafting and/or physical attraction and hence produced a star-like network with LS and its supramolecular complexes as center. Especially, when the LS content was 1.5 wt %, the strength and elongation of WPU/LS blends (WLS) simultaneously increased. At this time, the center of network was dominated by the single molecules of spherical LS. Thereafter, with the increase of LS content, the strength of WLS blends increased unceasingly up to 6.0-7.5 wt % of LS loading while the elongation gradually decreased. Because the LS tend to aggregate as supramolecular complexes spontaneously, the center of network was gradually replaced by the LS supramolecular complexes. The structural changes of WLS blends were characterized by FTIR, DSC, and DMA. The results suggested that the LS component was mostly fused with hard-segments of WPU component and hence induced the formation of physical interaction, importantly for hydrogen bonding, depending on the compulsive association of chemical grafting and the impulse of similar hydrophilicity between the hard-segment and LS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced mechanical performances of waterborne polyurethane loaded with lignosulfonate and its supramolecular complexes

Cui

Xia

Chen

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Lignin is a nontoxic, commercially available, and low-cost natural resource that has the potential to be utilized as a basic raw material in the chemical industry. 6 Lignin, especially, with its many reactive hydroxyl groups, can form strong hydrogen bonding with many polymers, which has improved and modified the physical properties of the pure polymers. [7][8][9][10][11] Therefore, a blend film prepared from PVP with lignin could overcome the strong adhesion with the most solid surfaces as well as the brittleness of PVP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and thermal degradation study of blend films with poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and lignin

Cunxiu

Chen

Tang

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of blend films with different ratio of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) to lignin were subjected to dynamic DSC and TGA measurement under nitrogen atmosphere at various heating rates. DSC curves showed that the glass transition temperatures of these blends decreased with the increase of lignin content. TGA studies indicated that the lignin content produced obvious effect on the thermal stability of these blends. The kinetic model function of the thermal decomposition of these blends obeyed the Avrami-. The degradation kinetic parameters were also obtained.

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“…The phase angle was approximately 45°, meaning that the viscous component was equal to the elastic ingredient. These results indicate that the network structure formed between the lower strength lignin polymers in bamboo kraft black liquor was relatively weak (Feldman et al 1986).…”

Section: Effects Of Solids Content and Temperature On The Dynamic Modmentioning

confidence: 86%

Study on the Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Bamboo Kraft Black Liquor

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Sun³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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The dynamic viscoelasticity of bamboo kraft pulping black liquor under various temperatures (ranging from 50 to 80 °C) and solids concentrations (60 to 80 wt.%) was studied. Rotational rheometer analysis data indicated that the viscoelastic motion law with a high solids concentration in black liquor was in accordance with the Kelvin model, and black liquor with a medium concentration conformed to the Maxwell model. As a result, the temperature and solids concentration greatly influenced the dynamic viscoelasticity of bamboo kraft pulping black liquor. For instance, the modulus increased as the solids concentration increased, indicating that the viscous component of black liquor was prominent. For this reason, it was easier to soften the bamboo black liquor, providing a favorable condition for the pure viscosity of black liquor. Steady shear thinning was apparent during the frequency shear process. The dynamic viscosity, storage viscosity, and complex viscosity of the black liquor decreased as the shear frequency increased. The quantitative relationship between dynamic viscosity and angular frequency can be described using the Power Law model.

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Lignin-polymer systems and some applications

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Enhanced mechanical performances of waterborne polyurethane loaded with lignosulfonate and its supramolecular complexes

Enhanced mechanical performances of waterborne polyurethane loaded with lignosulfonate and its supramolecular complexes

Properties and thermal degradation study of blend films with poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and lignin

Study on the Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Bamboo Kraft Black Liquor

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