Lignins as Macromonomers for Polyesters and Polyurethanes

Gandini, Alessandro; Belgacem, Mohamed Naceur; Guo, Zhao-Xia; Montanari, Suzelei

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0643-0_4

Cited by 47 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…7 In the last decades, considerable efforts have been directed toward the development of polymeric materials from lignin, with attempts to find new alternatives to petrochemicals and their derivatives. Lignins have been the subject of study of several research groups, and the developed applications include polyurethanes, [8][9][10][11] acrylics, 12 epoxies, 13 and phenolic resins. 14,15 The utilization of lignin as a macromonomer in polyurethane synthesis often follows two global approaches: (1) direct utilization of lignin without any preliminary chemical modification, alone or in combination with other polyols, 7,10,16 or (2) chemical modification, such as esterification and etherification reactions, to make hydroxyl functions more readily available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 The utilization of lignin as a macromonomer in polyurethane synthesis often follows two global approaches: (1) direct utilization of lignin without any preliminary chemical modification, alone or in combination with other polyols, 7,10,16 or (2) chemical modification, such as esterification and etherification reactions, to make hydroxyl functions more readily available. 8,17,18 A wide range of lignin-based polyurethane materials (rigid foams, elastomers, sealants) have been synthesized, and the corresponding mechanical and thermal properties have been evaluated. The exhibited properties were found promising and, in some cases, similar to those of conventional polyurethanes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignins as macromonomers for polyurethane synthesis: A comparative study on hydroxyl group determination

Cateto

Barreiro

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The hydroxyl group contents of four technical lignins [Indulin AT (Meadwestvaco), Alcell (Repap), Curan 27‐11P (Borregaard LignoTech), and Sarkanda (Granit SA)] were investigated in view of their valorization as polyols in polyurethane synthesis. The different hydroxyl group contents were determined by the following methods: titration and 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and 31P‐NMR spectroscopy. The titration method chosen was on the basis of a standard method commonly used to characterize commercial polyols for polyurethanes synthesis. The values of the total and phenolic hydroxyl contents determined by the different techniques were found to be in good agreement. For the total hydroxyl contents, coefficients of variation of 5.6% (Alcell), 3.2% (Indulin AT), 2.3% (Sarkanda), and 6.2% (Curan 27‐11P) were established. For the phenolic hydroxyl contents, a good correlation was observed between data obtained from 31P‐NMR and 13C‐NMR for all lignin samples, except for the Sarkanda lignin, for which a relatively high coefficient of variation (12.6%) was found. For softwood lignins (Indulin AT and Curan 27‐11P), the phenolic hydroxyl content determined by 1H‐NMR was always lower than that deduced from 31P‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignins as macromonomers for polyurethane synthesis: A comparative study on hydroxyl group determination

Cateto

Barreiro

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

127

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have suggested that the solubility and uniformity of the lignin are the key parameters that affect its reactivity as a substitute for polyol in PU fabrication (Hsu and Glasser 1976;Saraf et al 1985;Rials and Glasser 1986;Mörck et al 1988;Ciobanu et al 2004;Hatakeyama et al 2008). Lignin substitution in PU could be achieved directly by the combination with polyol (Yoshida et al 1990;Evtuguin et al 1998;Vanderlaan and Thring 1998;Cateto et al 2008) or through chemical modifications (Glasser 1989;Gandini et al 2002;Nadji et al 2005;Ahvazi et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Ligno-Polyols: Fact or Fiction

Ahvazi

Wojciechowicz

et al. 2017

BioResources

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The physical and chemical characteristics of several lignin-polyol blends were investigated by qualitative and quantitative methods from the view of biobased polyurethane applications. Four differently isolated biomass lignins from forestry and agricultural residues were blended with polyester polyol, and one was blended with polyethylene glycol. The isolated products were examined thoroughly to elucidate the subsequent lignin and polyol interactions during the premixing stage of biobased polyurethane formulation. Polyol was detected in lignin even after vigorous washings with several organic solvents and Soxhlet extraction. The experimental data coupled with two-dimensional heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ligno-polyols via strong intermolecular attractions, as well as some linkages between several lignin hydroxyl and polyol functional groups.

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“…Lignin is a complex tridimensional polymer made up of phenylpropane units, composed of more than 50% carbon. This tridimensional polymer forms from three phenolic precursors: guaiacyl, syringyl, and p-hydroxyphenyl (Binder et al 2009;Gandini et al 2002). Lignin representative formulas vary according to the source, the age, and the accuracy of the determination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Ionic Liquid for the Dissolution of Lignin

et al. 2013

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This work aims to develop a new ionic liquid, used as an aprotic green ä solvent, to dissolve kraft lignin from black liquor. The kraft lignin was extracted through precipitation with carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure. 1,.0]undec-7-ene-based ionic liquids were obtained by quaternization of the nitrogen atom with a hydrogen atom or an alkyl chain. The yields of the synthesis of the ionic liquids varied between 76 and 80%. Dissolving experiments were carried out using the lignin isolated from the black liquor of a kraft process. Up to 20% (w/w) of the lignin can be dissolved in butyl-1,8 . The time it takes to dissolve the lignin in these three liquids shows that its solubility is influenced mostly by the nature of the cations. The lignin solubility was reduced in relation to the increased length of the grafted carbon chain. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed these liquids can be used as lignin solvents from room temperature up to 300 °C (onset of degradation). Steric exclusion chromatography showed a slight decrease (6%) in the molecular weight of the lignin dissolved in these ionic liquids.

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Lignins as Macromonomers for Polyesters and Polyurethanes

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Lignins as macromonomers for polyurethane synthesis: A comparative study on hydroxyl group determination

Lignins as macromonomers for polyurethane synthesis: A comparative study on hydroxyl group determination

Formation of Ligno-Polyols: Fact or Fiction

New Ionic Liquid for the Dissolution of Lignin

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