Lignite ash: Waste material or potential resource - Investigation of metal recovery and utilization options

Kermer, René; Hedrich, Sabrina; Bellenberg, Sören; Brett, Beate; Schrader, Daniel; Schönherr, Petra; Köpcke, Martin; Siewert, Karsten; Günther, Nils; Gehrke, T.; Sand, Wolfgang; Räuchle, Konstantin; Bertau, Martin; Heide, G.; Weitkämper, Lars; Wotruba, Hermann; Ludwig, Horst‐Michael; Partusch, Roswitha; Schippers, Axel; Reichel, Susan; Glombitza, F.; Janneck, Eberhard

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.07.002

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, combusting wood and wood residues with ash contents that are considered high for this type of fuel produce significantly less ash than combusting e.g. brown coal with typical ash content of 4.2% to 33% (Arkhipov and Dorogoi 2011;Rafezi et al 2011;Kermer et al 2016;Loginov et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ash Content vs. the Economics of Using Wood Chips for Energy: Model Based on Data from Central Europe

et al. 2017

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Biomass utilization is vital for developing sustainability in the bioenergy sector. In this work the effects of high ash content on the heating properties of wood chips were evaluated. In an analysis of 450 wood chips samples, the ash content, moisture content, and gross calorific value were determined, and a generalized linear model was created to identify the relationship between the gross calorific value and the ash content of the wood chips. The mean ash content of the analyzed wood chips samples was 2.64%, the mean moisture content was 38.8%, and the mean gross calorific value was 19.43 MJ kg -1. Statistical analyses showed that 49% of the gross calorific value variability was due to the ash content variability. A one percent increase in ash content resulted in a 0.11 MJ kg -1 decrease of gross calorific value. The estimated costs of ash disposal at various ash contents were calculated. Burning wood chips with 5% ash content would lead to depositing an extra 5.6 megatons in the US or 21.2 megatons in the EU, compared to burning wood chips with 2.5% ash content.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ash Content vs. the Economics of Using Wood Chips for Energy: Model Based on Data from Central Europe

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, little attention has been paid to the inorganic portion of humic materials despite humic–Fe complexes being readily identifiable in the environment 19 and lignite, one of the major coal sources for commercial humic acids (HAs), also containing significant amounts of iron. 20 It is thus not unreasonable to suggest that humic substances showing hydroxyphenyl groups persist as organic–Fe complexes in the environment. Several biomolecules containing polyphenolic chains (i.e., the structures readily found in HSs) have been shown to recruit Fe ions to modulate their physicochemical and biological functionalities through the formation of polyphenol–Fe complexes 21 , 22 and Fe uptake, which is essential for healthy plant growth, has been shown to be significantly affected by the presence of organic matter in soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Transformation of Technical Lignins into Humic-Like Plant Stimulants through Fenton-Based Advanced Oxidation: Accelerating Natural Fungus-Driven Humification

et al. 2018

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Commercial humic acids mainly obtained from leonardite are in increasing demand in agronomy, and their market size is growing rapidly because these materials act as soil conditioners and direct stimulators of plant growth and development. In nature, fungus-driven nonspecific oxidations are believed to be a key to catabolizing recalcitrant plant lignins, resulting in lignin humification. Here we demonstrated the effective transformation of technical lignins derived from the Kraft processing of woody biomass into humic-like plant fertilizers through one-pot Fenton oxidations (i.e., artificially accelerated fungus reactions). The lignin variants resulting from the Fenton reaction, and manufactured using a few different ratios of FeSO4 to H2O2, successfully accelerated the germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and increased the tolerance of this plant to NaCl-induced abiotic stress; moreover, the extent of the stimulation of the growth of this plant by these manufactured lignin variants was comparable or superior to that induced by commercial humic acids. The results of high-resolution (15 T) Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, electrostatic force microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analyses strongly indicated that oxygen-based functional groups were incorporated into the lignins. Moreover, analyses of the total phenolic contents of the lignins and their sedimentation kinetics in water media together with scanning electron microscopy- and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller-based surface characterizations further suggested that polymer fragmentation followed by modification of the phenolic groups on the lignin surfaces was crucial for the humic-like activity of the lignins. A high similarity between the lignin variants and commercial humic acids also resulted from autonomous deposition of iron species into lignin particles during the Fenton oxidation, although their short-term effects of plant stimulations were maintained whether the iron species were present or absent. Finally, we showed that lignins produced from an industrial-scale acid-induced hydrolysis of wood chips were transformed with the similar enhancements of the plant effects, indicating that our fungus-mimicking processes could be a universal way for achieving effective lignin humification.

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“…It shows that there is a wide range of possible vanadium sources, which need further investigation on processing methods due to their different geological and mineralogical characteristics. The possibility of extraction of vanadium from various sources such as vanadium-bearing shales [15], lignite ash [16], stone coal [12,17], and vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate [18] are intensively investigated. Actually, vanadium projects, based on VTM and vanadium-bearing sediment hosted deposits, prevail for investment search [19].…”

Section: Background Of Vanadium Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Treatment of Lead Vanadate Ores

et al. 2020

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Vanadium has been strongly moving into focus in the last decade. Due to its chemical properties, vanadium is vital for applications in the upcoming renewable energy revolution as well as usage in special alloys. The uprising demand forces the industry to consider the exploration of less attractive sources besides vanadiferous titanomagnetite deposits, such as lead vanadate deposits. Mineral processing and metallurgical treatment of lead vanadate deposits stopped in the 1980s, although the deposits contain a noteworthy amount of the desired resource vanadium. There has been a wide variety of research activities in the first half of the last century, including density sorting and flotation to recover concentrates as well as pyro- and hydrometallurgical treatment to produce vanadium oxide. There have been ecological issues and technical restrictions in the past that made these deposits uninteresting. Meanwhile, regarding the development of mineral processing and metallurgy, there are methods and strategies to reconsider lead vanadates as a highly-potential vanadium resource. This review does not merely provide an overview of lead vanadate sources and the challenges in previous mechanical and metallurgical processing activities, but shows opportunities to ensure vanadium production out of primary sources in the future.

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Lignite ash: Waste material or potential resource - Investigation of metal recovery and utilization options

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Ash Content vs. the Economics of Using Wood Chips for Energy: Model Based on Data from Central Europe

Ash Content vs. the Economics of Using Wood Chips for Energy: Model Based on Data from Central Europe

One-Pot Transformation of Technical Lignins into Humic-Like Plant Stimulants through Fenton-Based Advanced Oxidation: Accelerating Natural Fungus-Driven Humification

Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Treatment of Lead Vanadate Ores

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