Lignocellulose biodegradation: An advance technology for sustainable environment

Abstract

The ever increasing energy load has attracted signifi cant attention on the development and growth of renewable resources. Many workers have reported conversion of waste materials to useful compost. Lignocellulose consists of the three constituents indicated as cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Lignocellulosic biomass can be reused in the production of chemicals and fuels. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be degraded into sugars, which are preliminary source for fermentation, biocatalytic and chemocatalytic processes to value-added products. A large number of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi are capable of producing cellulases and hemicellulases but only a limited number of these microorganisms are capable of producing lignin degrading enzymes. There are numerous methods available for the isolation of lignocellulose degrading microbial consortium. Lignocellulose compounds are most abundant agricultural residues present in the world. In this short review, updated account is presented on various aspects of lignocellulose compounds which can be utilized by fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria. The lignocellulytic utilizing microbial consortium can be used for the conversion of biomass feedstock to useful bio-based products. The use of farming crop wastes involves a separation of the polymeric compounds-cellulose and hemicelluloses. This approach comes under sustainable "green" biotechnology.

Growth and Influence of White-Rot Fungi on the Chemical Composition of Wheat Straw Inoculated under Varying Pre-Conditions

“…Enterococcus dominated in the uninoculated control after 7 d and was also present after 14 d in PO 93 straw. Wahyudi et al [65] found that Enterococcus casseliflavus/gallinarum could degrade lignocellulolytic substances [66], which would explain its occurrence in straw. From the P. ostreatus-biodegraded straw, Leuconostoc was identified.…”