Like parent, like child? Exploring the association between early maladaptive schemas of adolescents involved with Child Protective Services and their parents

Abstract

Although early maladaptive schemas (EMS) have been successfully identified in a variety of adult samples and increasing evidence suggests that core maladaptive schemas can also be retrieved in children and adolescents, there is a dearth of research examining the association between maladaptive schemas of parents and their children. We designed the current exploratory study as a first step to investigate similarities and differences in EMS of adolescents (n = 20) involved with Child Protective Services and their parents (n = 20). Results demonstrated that there were some similarities in the specific EMS endorsed by both groups and that most of the significant correlations that were found between parents' and youths' EMS involved parent schemas of the Impaired limits and Disconnection/rejection domains and youths' schemas of the Disconnection/rejection and Impaired autonomy and performance domains. We also found significant positive correlations between several children's EMS and perceived parental rearing styles (i.e., rejection, control/overprotection, anxious rearing) and attachment anxiety.

Associations between early maladaptive schema domains of parents and their adult children: The role of defence styles

“…Moreover, these associations were mediated by immature DSs of parents and their adult children. This finding broadly supports the work of other studies linking Disconnection/Rejection EMS domain of parents with Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Autonomy EMS domains of their adult children (Zonnevijlle & Hildebrand, 2019) and might be explained by the fact that parental upbringings may influence the responsiveness to the needs of their children (Assel et al, 2002). In other words, individuals with EMSs in Disconnection/Rejection EMS domain are mostly grown up in cold, rejecting, unstable, and abusive families so that they have difficulties in forming secure, nurturing, and compassionate relationships with others (Young et al, 2003).…”

Adolescent maladaptive schemas and childhood abuse and neglect: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…All studies used either the short or long form of the Young Schema Questionnaire, except one study that used the Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaires Set for Children and Adolescents (SQS) (Güner, 2017). Childhood experiences were measured using a range of measures including the Cyberbullying Questionnaire (Calvete et al, 2016), Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse interview and rating system (CECA) (Lumley & Harkness, 2007), Parental Bonding Inventory (Turner et al, 2005), Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (my memory of upbringing) for Children (EMBU‐C) (Muris, 2006; Zonnevijlle & Hildebrand, 2019), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) (Güner, 2017; Roelofs et al, 2013), Adolescent Perceived Events Scale (APES) (Calvete et al, 2013), Conflict Tactics Scales‐Parent‐to‐Child Version (CTS‐PC) (Calvete et al, 2018), Child‐to‐Parent Aggression Questionnaire (Calvete, Orue, Gámez‐Guadix, & Bushman, 2015) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Yiğit et al, 2018). The measures of childhood experiences were retrospectively completed at the same time as the measurement of schemas, except for one longitudinal study (Calvete, Orue, Gámez‐Guadix, & Bushman, 2015).…”

Early Maladaptive Schemas and Their Impact on Parenting: Do Dysfunctional Schemas Pass Generationally?—A Systematic Review

“…The years with the highest number of publications are 2018 ( n = 2) and 2019 ( n = 2). The research was conducted on the populations of four continents: Europe [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 ], Asia [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], North America [ 29 ], and Australia [ 34 ]. All manuscripts were peer-reviewed journal articles.…”

“…The sample size ranged between 40 [ 33 ] and 626 participants [ 37 ]. Most of the studies ( n = 7) concerned parent–child dyads (e.g., mother–daughter).…”