Likertovo škálování

Abstract

Science and scientific work are in accordance with generally accepted axiom considered as something that generates scientific discoveries, and by that positively moves a human civilization forward. However, a fundamental attribute of wide groups of "phenomenon" creates barriers for scientific discoveries-this attribute is immeasurability. Especially in the social sciences, immeasurability is associated with the absence of hard data, which intensively limits the range of methods that could be applied in the scientific work. Nevertheless, there is a method that aims to eliminate this deficit and, while using the method correctly (i.e. with respect to its general principles), one can quantify the variables seem to be immeasurable at first glance. This method is called scaling. The text of this paper discusses the approach of methodology and philosophy of science to immeasurable factors and quantifies their potential through onedimensional method called the Likert scaling. The paper is devoted to the description of the method; analyzes its pros and cons, and gives detailed instructions for its application. In conclusion, the answer to the question whether it makes sense for scientists to spend time with learning new methods (such as scaling), while we can say that for scientists, educated in a specific field, studying generates high opportunity cost? To answer this question: we can safely say that studying new methods is not time-wasting, because the opportunity cost is always the cost associated with "the second best option" while having perfect information about alternatives. And, without knowledge about these new methods studied, we can never say that the method we are using is the best one.

Aspects of self-regulated learning and their influence on the mathematics achievement of fifth graders in the context of four different proclaimed curricula

“…The motivation tool (α = 0.922) comprises the six-items, and also uses a five-point Likert scale. For both tools, it was not possible to discuss the issue of an even or odd number of scales, as stated by Rod ( 2012 ), as they were already piloted in the Czech environment. The tools are evaluated through the sum of responses for all items (ordinal data).…”

A priori aggregation multicriteria optimization of family business vitality through Likert scaling with price evaluation

“…Since we suppose the change of criteria from original value ‫ݔ‬ , to new value ‫ݕ‬ , and the prices for the unit improvement, the overall prices for the improvement of specific criteria are given by the values ܿ , ൫‫ݕ‬ , − ‫ݔ‬ , ൯ and ‫ݐ‬ , ൫‫ݕ‬ , − ‫ݔ‬ , ൯. To ensure that the budgets will be not exceeded, we sum the prices of all improvements and the constraints are given by ‫)ݕ(ܿ‬ ≤ ‫,ܥ‬ where ‫)ݕ(ܿ‬ = ∑ ∑ ܿ , ൫‫ݕ‬ , − ‫ݔ‬ , ൯ ୀଵ ୀଵ (11) ‫)ݕ(ݐ‬ ≤ ܶ, where ‫)ݕ(ݐ‬ = ∑ ∑ ‫ݐ‬ , ൫‫ݕ‬ , − ‫ݔ‬ , ൯ ୀଵ ୀଵ (12) The optimal new criteria values with budget constraints are given by the solution of integer linear optimization problem (9) with constraints (11), (12), and min ‫ܪ‬ ≤ ‫ݕ‬ , ≤ max ‫ܪ‬ , ݆ = 1, … , ‫,ܬ‬ ݇ = 1, … , ‫ܭ‬ (13) (i.e., ‫ݕ‬ , ∈ ‫)ܪ‬ and ‫ݕ‬ , ≥ ‫ݔ‬ , , ݆ = 1, … , ‫,ܬ‬ ݇ = 1, … , ‫,ܭ‬ (14) i.e., the new values are larger or equal to original values -there is not a possibility to "sell" values.…”

“…https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219205022 prevents the respondent from falling into a stereotype [12,13]. Using Likert scaling, for example, the degree of vitality of a family business may be quantified.…”

Creativity and Innovation in the Pupil Product and Its Evaluation

“…Z tohoto pohledu je zajímavý rozptyl volených hodnot pro některé kategorie dotazníku. V případě pochybností nebo slabého přesvědčení evaluátora o míře naplnění kategorie jsou obecné tendence volit středovou, tedy nevyhraněnou hodnotu (Baloušková, 2017;Rod, 2012), v našem případě prezentovanou číslem 3. Nejmenší rozptyl jsme u evaluátora předpokládali především u kategorií vyznačujících se vyšší abstrakcí, tedy např.…”