Limb Volume and Blood Flow Changes During the Menstrual Cycle

Keates, Jonathan; Fitzgerald, D. E.

doi:10.1177/000331976902001008

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To test for seasonal variation, a set of summer observations was taken in August 1997 prior to the winter observations in February-March 1998. In order to take the estrus cycle into account (Keates andFitesgerald, 1969, Lee et al, 1987), we used observations from the three-day luteal phase beginning ten days after the end of menstruation. As in several previous studies on swelling in healthy subjects, swelling was measured in terms of the change in shape in various parts of the body during the day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived, Actual, and Seasonal Changes in the Shape of the Face, Hands and Legs.

Murakami¹,

Arai

Tochihara³

1999

Appl Human Sci

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Abstract. In this study, we measured the shape of the face, legs, hands and fingers during the course of a day to determine the amount of swelling. We examined the relationship between the perception of swelling and the degree of actual swelling, and considered the influence of seasonal factors. The topology of the face was measured using the 3D curved shape measuring apparatus, VOXELAN, while the circumference of the legs and fingers and the volume of the hands were also recorded. The measurements were used to determine the amount of change in each parameter, which was then used to determine the degree of swelling. The subjects for the experiment were 10 healthy Japanese women aged 24 to 30 years of standard build (BMI: 19.3-25.0). Measurements were carried out twice a day in the mornings and afternoon, first between 8:30 and 10:00 a.m. and then between 4:00 and 5:30 p.m. At each measurement session, subjects were asked if they perceived swelling to have occurred. We investigated the relationship between the degree of actual swelling and the reported perception of swelling. We also investigated the influence of seasonal factors by conducting the same tests on the same subjects in summer (August 1997) and in winter (February-March 1998). The relationship between perceived and actual swelling differs depending on the part of the body. For the face, actual swelling correlates strongly with perceived swelling. This trend is particularly noticeable for the upper eyelids. For the thigh and lower leg, on the other hand, there was no significant difference. The frequency with which subjects reported the perception of swelling varied depending on the area of the body, and was generally extremely low for the thighs, hands and fingers. With respect to seasonal variation, swelling in the face, hands and feet tended to be more pronounced during the summer. In the facial region, the biggest difference was in the lower eyelid, where swelling increased more than five times. This level of variation suggests that the atmospheric temperature is the main factor affecting swelling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived, Actual, and Seasonal Changes in the Shape of the Face, Hands and Legs.

Murakami¹,

Arai

Tochihara³

1999

Appl Human Sci

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“…These effects are independent of the innerva tion. Keales and Fitzgerald [ 18] observed cy clic changes in resting and postischemic blood flows during the menstrual cycle in normal females. Blood flow in the calf in creased during the first 2 weeks of the men strual cycle, followed by a fall between week 2 and 3 and an increase between the 3rd and 4th week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Sex Difference and Oral Contraceptives on Forearm Reactive Hyperemia

1981

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Experiments were performed on normal male and female subjects to compare blood flow responses following release of an arterial occlusion (reactive hyperemia). Additionally, the effects of oral contraceptive therapy on the reactive hyperemia reaction were studied in female subjects. Forearm blood flow was measured with a strain-gauge plethysmograph, heart rate with an electrocardiograph, and mean arterial pressure was measured by auscultation. Blood flow was determined before and after circulatory arrest of 1, 3, and 5 min. Blood serum levels of 17β-estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean resting forearm blood flow was similar in males and females (∼4 ml/100 ml/min). There were no significant changes in systemic mean arterial pressure or heart rate during the experiments. Following 1 min of arterial occlusion, the peak blood flow responses were similar in males and females. The peak blood flow responses following release of arterial occlusion were lower in males than in untreated females at occlusion intervals of 3 and 5 min. Females receiving oral contraceptives showed reduced peak blood flow responses after circulatory arrest of either 3 or 5 min as compared to untreated females. There were no significant differences in the recovery times of the hyperemic responses between males and females following any of the periods of occlusion. The peak blood flow responses following 3 min of arterial occlusion were significantly correlated with the blood serum levels of 17β-estradiol, LH and FSH, but not with the blood serum levels of progesterone. These results suggest that: (1) sex difference has a marked effect on the blood flow response following arterial occlusion, and (2) hormonal changes influence vascular responsiveness in the female.

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“…115 This increase in distensibility has also been noted to fluctuate with the normal menstrual cycle. 116 It was found that leg volume was greatest just before ovulation and during menses. The increased distensibility did not fully correlate with one specific hormone but was related to both estrogen and progesterone levels or ratios.…”

Section: Topical Corticosteroid Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Telangiectasias

2011

Sclerotherapy

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Limb Volume and Blood Flow Changes During the Menstrual Cycle

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Perceived, Actual, and Seasonal Changes in the Shape of the Face, Hands and Legs.

Perceived, Actual, and Seasonal Changes in the Shape of the Face, Hands and Legs.

Influence of Sex Difference and Oral Contraceptives on Forearm Reactive Hyperemia

Pathophysiology of Telangiectasias

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