Limbic Encephalitis Associated with COVID-19

Abstract

Limbic encephalitis (LE) is an inflammatory disease of the brain, in which lesion is anatomically limited in structures of the limbic system. In some cases, LE can start with symptoms of limbic dysfunction with further involvement of other regions of the brain. Classic LE syndrome includes such symptoms as the development of personality disorders, depression, sleep disorders, epileptic seizures, hallucinations and cognitive disorders (short-term and long-term memory impairment). The information of clinical examination, electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid studies (CSF) suggest the diagnosis of LE in most patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Sex and age affect acute and persisting COVID-19 illness

“…Specifically, conflicting health information like differences in proposed mask policies and unconfirmed rumors about the COVID-19 pandemic might heighten the perceived impact of the pandemic and increase its negative impacts on mental health 36 . Another explanation could be that as the virus attacks the limbic system, it leads to heightened acute and persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms 37 .…”

Otovestibular Symptoms of COVID-19 and Its Vaccines/Treatments

“…It has long been known that other coronaviruses can invade the central nervous system, as they have been isolated in the brain and spinal cord tissue or the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from a variety of neurological diseases such as encephalitis [7][8][9][10][11], acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [12], optic neuritis [13], Parkinson's disease [14], and multiple sclerosis [15][16][17]. For some of these diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease) it seems somewhat unlikely that coronaviruses play a causative role, whereas in others (e.g., optic neuritis, encephalitis, and encephalomyelitis), it is reasonable to entertain the possibility that the viruses themselves are the etiopathogenetic factor.…”