LIME: Software for 3-D visualization, interpretation, and communication of virtual geoscience models

Buckley, Simon J.; Ringdal, Kari; Naumann, Nicole; Dolva, Benjamin; Kurz, Tobias H.; Howell, John; Dewez, Thomas

doi:10.1130/ges02002.1

Cited by 115 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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Section: Methods and Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This software builds point clouds from similar matched features in multiple images, depicting outcrop geometry upon which textures can be draped. Subsequent 3D model interpretation was undertaken in Lime software (e.g., Bonaventura et al, 2017;Buckley et al, 2017). These images underwent detailed sedimentological work, consisting of outlining the geometry of sedimentary units in selected panels and a series of traditional 1dimensional strip-logs across growth-basins and corresponding undisturbed stratigraphic sections outside the faulted area.…”

Section: Methods and Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth‐faults from delta collapse – structural and sedimentological investigation of the Last Chance delta, Ferron Sandstone, Utah

et al. 2017

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Investigations of syn‐sedimentary growth faults in the Last Chance delta (Ferron Sandstone, Utah, USA) show that fault‐bounded half‐grabens arrested high amounts of sand in the mouth bar and/or distributary channel areas. Fault‐controlled morphology causes changes in routing of the delta top to delta front drainage towards the long axis of half‐grabens. Faulting was spatially and temporally non‐systematic, and polyphase, with 3D cusp/listric fault geometries instigated by linkage of variously oriented segments. Hanging wall rollover folds consisting of wedge‐shaped syn‐kinematic sand attest to rapid <1‐m slip increments on faults followed by mild erosion along crests of fault blocks and sedimentary infill of adjacent accommodation. Triangle‐zones in prodelta to delta front muds are located underneath steeper faults and interconnected rotated fault‐flats. Their geometry is that of antiformal stack duplexes, in an arrangement of low‐angle‐to‐bedding normal faults at the base, replaced by folded thrusts upwards. These faults show a brittle, frictional flow deformation mechanism ascribed to early compaction of mud. For syn‐kinematic sand, there is a change from general granular/hydroplastic flow in shear zones to later brittle failure and cataclasis, a transition instigated by precipitation of calcite cement. Extensional faulting in the Last Chance delta was likely controlled by gravity driven collapse towards the delta slope and prodelta, as is commonly observed in collapsing deltas. The trigger and driving mechanism is envisioned as localized loads from sand deposited within distributary channels/mouth bars and fault‐controlled basins along the delta top. A regional tilt and especially displacement of compacted mud below sand bodies towards less compacted muds also contributed to the faulting.

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Section: Methods and Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods and Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth‐faults from delta collapse – structural and sedimentological investigation of the Last Chance delta, Ferron Sandstone, Utah

et al. 2017

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“…In order to document, illustrate and understand the complex 3D sedimentary architecture of the interval of interest, 3D virtual outcrop models were produced from the collected photogrammetric material (after Westoby, Brasington, Glasser, Hambrey, & Reynolds, ). The models were generated using PhotoScan Pro © (Agisoft LLC, St. Petersburg, Russia), before being analysed and interpreted with Lime © , a software developed by the Virtual Outcrop Geology group of both Bergen and Aberdeen universities (Bonaventura et al., ; Buckley, Ringdal, Dolva, Naumann, & Kurz, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overprinted allocyclic processes by tidal resonance in an epicontinental basin: The Upper Jurassic Curtis Formation, east‐central Utah, USA

Zuchuat

Sleveland

Pettigrew

et al. 2019

The Depositional Record

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Modern, tide‐dominated and tide‐influenced coastlines are characterized by a range of environments, including deltas, estuaries and lagoons. However, some tide‐dominated basins and related sedimentary units in the rock record, such as the semi‐enclosed, shallow, Utah–Idaho Trough foreland basin of the Jurassic Curtis Sea, do not correspond to any of these modern systems. Persistent aridity caused the characteristic severe starvation of perennial fluvial input throughout this basin, in which the informal lower, middle and upper Curtis, as well as the underlying Entrada Sandstone, and the overlying Summerville Formation were deposited. Wave energy was efficiently dissipated by the shallow basin's elongated morphology (approximately 800 × 150 km), as its semi‐enclosed morphology further protected the system from significant wave impact. Consequently, the semi‐enclosed, shallow‐marine system was dominated by amplified tidal forces, resulting in a complex distribution of heterolithic deposits. Allocyclic forcing strongly impacted upon the system's intrinsic autocyclic processes as the lower Curtis was deposited. Short‐lived relative sea‐level variations, along with uplift and deformation episodes, resulted in the accumulation of three parasequences, each separated by traceable flooding and ravinement surfaces. The subsequent transgression, which defines the base of the middle Curtis, allowed for the shallow‐marine part of the system to enter into tidal resonance as a consequence of the flooded basin reaching the optimal configuration of approximately 800 km in length, corresponding to an odd multiple of the quarter of the tidal wavelength given an average minimum water depth of 20–25 m. This resonant system overprinted the effects of allocyclic forcing and related traceable stratigraphic surfaces. However, the contemporaneous and neighbouring coastal dune field sedimentary rocks of the Moab Member of the Curtis Formation, characterized by five stacked aeolian sequences, as well as the supratidal deposits of the Summerville Formation, lingered to record allocyclic signals, as the Curtis Sea regressed. This study shows that a tide‐dominated basin can enter into tidal resonance as it reaches its optimal morphological configuration, leading to the overprinting of otherwise dominant allocyclic processes by autocyclic behaviour. It is only by considering the sedimentological relationships of neighbouring and contemporaneous depositional systems that a full understanding of the dynamic stratigraphic history of a basin alternatively dominated by autocyclic and allocyclic processes can be achieved.

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“…Related efforts have centered on the development of 3D software solutions with tools for geoscience applications. Custom software packages, such as Virtual Reality Geology Studio (VRGS; Hodgetts et al, 2007) and LIME (Buckley et al, 2019), offer users lightweight executable tools and opportunities to analyze and revisit data at multiple scales. Open source programs, such as Blender and CloudCompare, can be used for data exploration and measurement and have also integrated specific geoscience toolsets (e.g., Brodu and Lague, 2012;Dewez et al, 2016;Thiele et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization and Sharing of 3D Digital Outcrop Models to Promote Open Science

Nesbit¹,

Boulding²,

Hugenholtz³

et al. 2020

GSAT

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High-resolution 3D data sets, such as digital outcrop models (DOMs), are increasingly being used by geoscientists to supplement field observations and enable multiscale and repeatable analysis that was previously difficult, if not impossible, to achieve using conventional methods. Despite an increasing archive of DOMs driven by technological advances, the ability to share and visualize these data sets remains a challenge due to large file sizes and the need for specialized software. Together, these issues limit the open exchange of data sets and interpretations. To promote greater data accessibility for a broad audience, we implement three modern platforms for disseminating models and interpretations within an open science framework: Sketchfab, potree, and Unity. Web-based platforms, such as Sketchfab and potree, render interactive 3D models within standard web browsers with limited functionality, whereas game engines, such as Unity, enable development of fully customizable 3D visualizations compatible with multiple operating systems. We review the capabilities of each platform using a DOM of an extensive outcrop exposure of Late Cretaceous fluvial stratigraphy generated from uninhabited aerial vehicle images. Each visualization platform provides end-users with digital access and intuitive controls to interact with large DOM data sets, without the need for specialized software and hardware. We demonstrate a range of features and interface customizability that can be created and suggest potential use cases to share interpretations, reinforce student learning, and enhance scientific communication through unique and accessible visualization experiences.

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LIME: Software for 3-D visualization, interpretation, and communication of virtual geoscience models

Abstract: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY-NC license.

Cited by 115 publications

References 24 publications

Growth‐faults from delta collapse – structural and sedimentological investigation of the Last Chance delta, Ferron Sandstone, Utah

Growth‐faults from delta collapse – structural and sedimentological investigation of the Last Chance delta, Ferron Sandstone, Utah

Overprinted allocyclic processes by tidal resonance in an epicontinental basin: The Upper Jurassic Curtis Formation, east‐central Utah, USA

Visualization and Sharing of 3D Digital Outcrop Models to Promote Open Science

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