Limitations on Sheep and Goat Herding in the Eastern Badia of Jordan: An Ethno-archaeological Enquiry

Signs of sedentism and mobility in an agro-pastoral community during the Levantine Middle Bronze Age: Interpreting site function and occupation strategy at Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1 in Jordan

“…Rosen, 2003). Therefore, in contrast to specialized economies from the ethnographic present (Lancaster and Lancaster, 1991), mixed economies tended to characterize Bronze Age Levantine communities, both mobile and sedentary (Bentley, 1991;Esse, 1991;Finkelstein, 1991;Lemche, 1985;Prag, 1992). A linkage of seasonally specific agricultural tasks with seasonal site avoids simplistic correlations of farming with sedentism or pastoralism with mobility, and allows clearer determinations of site function and the effects of anticipated mobility.…”

The Relationship between Nomadic and Sedentary People in Sudan in the Context of State Policies and Internationalization

“…The forms and outcomes of the interaction between farmers and nomads at any point in time are the product of the total social system in which they live, rather than any one particular aspect of it (Ahmed 1973, Barth 1981, Lancaster and Lancaster 1991. It is not the distinction of nomadic versus settled that provides the vital focus for understanding the relationships between these two groups, but rather the differences in their systems of production in terms of what they adapt and exchange.…”

A Time to Sow, a Time to Reap: Modifications to Biological and Economic Rhythms in Southwest Asian Plant and Animal Domestication

“…Among the Jabaliyah tribe of Sinai, whose flocks are dominated by goats grazing on poorer and higher-altitude rangelands, births are planned for late December to February, so that goat kid growth coincides with increasing rangeland biomass [99,100]. Among traditional Shahsevan pastoral nomads of northwestern Iran, the main lambing season was from November to February [101], and among the Lurs of Luristan, from late December to early March [102] (see also [103,104]). The combined range of primary lambing seasons in traditional Southwest Asian pastoralism (October-March) reflects regional microenvironmental climatic differences, including those related to latitude and altitude [105].…”