Limitations on the comic frame: Some witty American women of the nineteenth century

A Burkean Poetic Frames Analysis of the 2004 Presidential Ads

“…Carlson (1988) followed a shift from the comic frame to satire and then to the burlesque. Carlson argues that as earlier frames did not succeed in providing the desired social reforms, the rhetors became bitter and changed their general tone.…”

The role of character in public moral argument: Henry ward Beecher and the Brooklyn scandal

“…This development led to a sentimental style of writing that set the mold for a pattern of good feminine behavior which Welter (1976) has termed the "cult of true womanhood" (p. 21). Its "cardinal virtues" were piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity, and these virtues carried an additional load of expected behaviors for women (Welter, 1976, p. 21;Carlson, 1988;Conrad, 1981).…”

The association of southern women for the prevention of lynching: Strategies of a movement in the comic frame

“…Thus, the choice to use a comic approach of blaming a societal problem and of working within the existing church structure was necessary for the success of the ASWPL. Carlson (1988) argues "the comic frame requires the careful creation of identification among all actors required to alter a social order" (pp. 318-319).…”

“…The ASWPL utilized the comic strategies of spirituality and identification, isolated by Carlson (1986Carlson ( , 1988, to establish themselves as a movement of Christian women working towards justice for all peoples. An additional strategy, repudiation, was key in refuting myths of and arguments for lynching.…”

“…In her study of the use of humor by 19th century American women, Carlson (1988) found women were unsuccessful in their attempt to solely use humor in literature to create a desirable set of values for women. This study of the ASWPL provides a successful example of defusing societal tensions and argues that the rhetorical strategies of repudiation and juxtaposition were essential to this movement's success.…”