Limited effect of environmental stress on cannabinoid profiles in high‐cannabidiol hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.)

Toth, Jacob A.; Smart, Lawrence B.; Smart, Christine D.; Stack, George M.; Carlson, Craig H.; Philippe, Glenn; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12880

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For cannabinoid production, as with grain production, precocious flowering may result in reduced floral biomass yield, while plants that do not flower by the end of the season fail to accumulate high concentrations of cannabinoids ( Stack et al, 2021 ). Additionally, cannabinoid profiles change throughout the maturation of the inflorescence, making initiation of flowering an important factor in timing regulatory compliance testing and harvest ( Toth et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and mapping of major-effect flowering time loci Autoflower1 and Early1 in Cannabis sativa L.

et al. 2022

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Flowering time is an important trait for all major market classes of hemp (Cannabis sativa), affecting yields and quality of grain, fiber, and cannabinoids. C. sativa is usually considered a short-day plant, flowering once night length reaches a critical threshold. Variations in flowering time within and across cultivars in outdoor grown populations have been previously identified, likely corresponding to genetic differences in this critical night length. Further, some C. sativa are photoperiod insensitive, colloquially referred to as “autoflowering.” This trait has anecdotally been described as a simple recessive trait with major impacts on phenology and yield. In this work, the locus responsible for the “autoflower” trait (Autoflower1), as well as a major-effect flowering time locus, Early1, were mapped using bulked segregant analysis. Breeder-friendly high-throughput molecular marker assays were subsequently developed for both loci. Also detailed are the flowering responses of diverse cultivars grown in continuous light and the result of crossing two photoperiod insensitive cultivars of differing pedigree.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and mapping of major-effect flowering time loci Autoflower1 and Early1 in Cannabis sativa L.

et al. 2022

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“…The same authors also reported a decrease in the THC accumulation as a result of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) treatment (Mansouri et al, 2009a), whereas ethephon (an ET-releasing plant regulator) treatments increased THC content up to 9 fold in the vegetative stage and CBD showed a dose-dependent response (Mansouri et al, 2016). However, in other hemp varieties, ethephon treatment did not cause significant changes in cannabinoid accumulation or CBD : THC ratios (Toth et al, 2021). In another study, Jalali et al performed treatments with SA and GABA in seed-derived plants of the drug-type "Saghez" variety, reporting changes in both enzyme expression of polyketide synthase (OLS), aromatic prenyltransferase (PT), D9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS) and cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS), as well as THC/CBD accumulation, depending on the elicitor concentration (Jalali et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Therefore, several attempts to use stress as means to manipulate resin accumulation in medical cannabis have been carried out (reviewed in Gorelick and Bernstein, 2017 ). In recent studies, the application of several abiotic (flooding, herbicide treatment, wounding damage, heat, and drought) and biotic ( Golovinomyces spadiceus, or Manduca sexta ) stresses has been evaluated in up to 4 medical cannabis varieties ( Toth et al., 2021 ; Park et al., 2022 ). In their experimental setups, drought stress applied during the early flowering stage was effective to cause changes in the cannabinoids profiles, resulting in a significant accumulation of CBG in inflorescences, but up to 70-80% decrease in THC and CBD accumulation, whereas other treatments did not exert any beneficial effects on the cannabinoid accumulation ( Park et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous application of stress-related signaling molecules affect growth and cannabinoid accumulation in medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)

Garrido¹,

Rico

Corral³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is a source of bioactive phytochemicals with promising pharmacological and therapeutic applications. Enhancing the accumulation of valuable bioactive compounds is potentially a way of increasing the economic importance of this crop. Signaling molecules like salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are involved in the regulation of plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, several phytohormones regulate plant trichome formation and elicit the synthesis of secondary metabolites in many plant species in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Therefore, exogenously delivered plant signaling molecules have the potential to modify the chemical profiles of medical cannabis. In this study, we found that the foliar application of SA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and GABA produces changes in the accumulation of the two major cannabinoids, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), in leaves and inflorescences of a medical cannabis variety. MeJA at 0.1 mM increased the CBDA content in inflorescences by 15.6%, while SA and MeJA at 0.1 mM increased CBDA and THCA accumulation in leaves by up to 57.3%. Treatments did not change the expression of genes participating in the final steps of the biosynthetic pathway of cannabinoids: olivetolic acid cyclase (CsOAC-1 and CsOAC-2), 2-acylphloroglucinol 4-prenyltransferase (CsPT4), cannabidiolic acid synthase (CsCBDAS), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (CsTHCAS). Trichome density was not significantly different from the control plants in any treatment. Besides, we found strong correlations between several plant growth parameters and cannabinoid yields, showing a direct link between plant fitness and the production of cannabinoids.

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“…According to Campbell [77], greater water availability increased the THC production; however, other edaphoclimatic factors may have influenced this response. Toth et al (2021) [157] evaluated the effects of different stresses, including excess water (flooding). The authors did not observe any influence on the production of THC, CBD, or CBG in relation to the control treatment [157].…”

Section: Water Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toth et al (2021) [157] evaluated the effects of different stresses, including excess water (flooding). The authors did not observe any influence on the production of THC, CBD, or CBG in relation to the control treatment [157].…”

Section: Water Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis sativa L.: Crop Management and Abiotic Factors That Affect Phytocannabinoid Production

et al. 2022

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The main characteristic of Cannabis sativa L. is the production of compounds of medicinal interest known as phytocannabinoids. Environmental factors and crop management practices are directly related to the yield of these compounds. Knowing how these factors influence the production of phytocannabinoids is essential to promote greater metabolite yield and stability. In this review, we aim to examine current cannabis agronomic research topics to identify the available information and the main gaps that need to be filled in future research. This paper introduces the importance of C. sativa L., approaching state-of-the-art research and evaluating the influence of crop management and environment conditions on yield and phytocannabinoid production, including (i) pruning; (ii) light and plant density; (iii) ontogeny; (iv) temperature, altitude, and CO2 concentration; (v) fertilization and substrate; and (vi) water availability, and presents concluding remarks to shed light on future directions.

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Limited effect of environmental stress on cannabinoid profiles in high‐cannabidiol hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Identification and mapping of major-effect flowering time loci Autoflower1 and Early1 in Cannabis sativa L.

Identification and mapping of major-effect flowering time loci Autoflower1 and Early1 in Cannabis sativa L.

Exogenous application of stress-related signaling molecules affect growth and cannabinoid accumulation in medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)

Cannabis sativa L.: Crop Management and Abiotic Factors That Affect Phytocannabinoid Production

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