Limited recovery of soil microbial activity after transient exposure to gasoline vapors

Modrzyński, Jakub J.; Christensen, Jan H.; Mayer, Philipp; Brandt, Kristian K.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.054

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Some training on the method is required; however, once trained the assays are easy to perform. For example, numerous studies have already used the microbial functional genes involved in nitrogen cycling to determine the status and to assess induced changes in the soil microbial community Nannipieri and Eldor, 2009;Wallenstein et al, 2006). Consequently, the number of functional genes that are suited for use as specific indicators of soil function are continuing to grow in the literature as researchers gain experience in this field and data become more prevalent.…”

Section: Microbial Biomass and Respiration (Some Relations To Functiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it is required to calculate microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) as a key parameter describing C-substrate turnover and storage in soil Spohn et al, 2016;Takriti et al, 2018). Furthermore, the method can be used to assess the adverse effects of toxic chemicals on the microbial community (Modrzyński et al, 2016;Rousk et al, 2009a). The drawbacks of these two methods are that (i) specific training is required, (ii) laboratories must have a permit to manipulate radioactive isotopes, and (iii) there are higher costs for proper handling and disposal of 3 H-labelled radioactive material.…”

Section: Microbial Biomass and Respiration (Some Relations To Functiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These functions support a range of ecosystem services that are indispensable for soil use in agriculture, horticulture, or silviculture (Nannipieri et al, 2017). At the same time, soil biota are strongly impacted by various anthropogenic activities, including ongoing global and climate change, pollution, as well as degradation and destruction of the terrestrial environment (Gomiero, 2016;Montgomery, 2008;Wagg et al, 2014). Consequently, investigations of the soil biome structure and function became an emerging topic in soil and environmental sciences .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of new microbial functional standards for soil quality assessment

Thiele‐Bruhn¹,

Schloter

Wilke

et al. 2020

SOIL

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Abstract. The activity of microorganisms in soil is important for a robust functioning of soil and related ecosystem services. Hence, there is a necessity to identify the composition, diversity, and function of the soil microbiome in order to determine its natural properties, functioning, and operating range as well as to assess ecotoxicological effects due to anthropogenic activities. Numerous microbiological methods currently exist in the literature and new, more advanced methods continue to be developed; however, only a limited number of these methods are standardised. Consequently, there is a need to identify the most promising non-standardised methods for assessing soil quality and to transform them into standards. In agreement with the “Ecosystem Service Approach”, new methods should focus more on soil microbial functions, including nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas emission, pest control and plant growth promotion, carbon cycling and sequestration, as well as soil structure development and filter function. The few existing standardised methods available that focus on the function of the soil microbiome mostly include measurements, like basal respiration, enzyme activities, and biodegradation of organic matter, under well-defined conditions in the lab. This paper sets out to summarise and expand on recent discussions within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Soil Quality – Biological Characterization sub-committee (ISO TC 190/SC 4), where a need was identified to develop scientifically sound methods which would best fulfil the practical needs of future users for assessing soil quality, going beyond the existing test systems. Of particular note is the current evolution of molecular methods in microbial ecology that use quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to produce a large number of new functional endpoints which are more sensitive as compared to “classical” methods. Quantitative PCR assesses the abundance of microbes that catalyse major transformation steps in nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, chemical transformations including pesticide degradation, and plant growth promotion pathways based on the assessment of marker gene sequences that drive the related processes. In the assessment of soil quality methods, it was found that most methods focus on bacteria and related endpoints. Techniques to describe fungal communities as well as their functional traits are far less represented. As such, techniques to analyse fungal enzyme activities are proposed. Additionally, methods for the determination of microbial growth rates and efficiencies, including the use of glomalin as a biochemical marker for soil aggregation, are discussed. Furthermore, field methods indicative of carbon turnover, including the litter bag test and a modification to the tea bag test, are presented. However, it is obvious that with increasing developments in high throughput sequencing technologies and big data analyses, including metagenomics analysis, it will be possible to implement these technologies into the standardisation process for assessing the functions of the soil microbiome. Overall, it is suggested that endpoints should represent a potential function of soil microorganisms rather than actual activity levels, as the latter can largely be dependent on short-term variable soil properties such as pedoclimatic conditions, nutrient availability, and anthropogenic soil cultivation activities.

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Section: Microbial Biomass and Respiration (Some Relations To Functiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Biomass and Respiration (Some Relations To Functiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identification of new microbial functional standards for soil quality assessment

Thiele‐Bruhn¹,

Schloter

Wilke

et al. 2020

SOIL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, it is required to calculate microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) as a key-parameter describing C-substrate turnover and storage in soil (Liu et al, 2018;Spohn et al, 2016;Takriti et al, 2018). Furthermore, the method can be used to assess the adverse effects of toxic chemicals on the microbial community (Modrzyński et al, 2016;Rousk et al, 2009a). The drawbacks of these two methods are: (i) specific training is required, (ii) laboratories must have a permit to manipulate radioactive isotopes, and (iii) there are higher costs for proper handling and disposal of 3 H-labelled radioactive material.…”

Section: ;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of new microbial functional standards for soil quality assessment

Thiele‐Bruhn¹,

Schloter²,

Wilke³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The activity of microorganisms in soil is important for a robust functioning soil and related ecosystem service. Hence, there is a necessity to identify the indigenous soil microbial community for its functional properties using soil microbiological methods in order to determine the natural properties, functioning and operating range of soil microbial communities, and to assess ecotoxicological effects due to anthropogenic activities. Numerous microbiological methods currently exist in the literature and new, more advanced methods continue to be developed; however, only a limited number of the methods are standardized. Consequently, there is a need to identify the most promising non-standardized methods for assessing soil quality and develop these into standards. In alignment with the "Ecosystem Service Approach", new methods should focus on soil microbial function, including nutrient cycling, pest control and plant growth promotion, carbon cycling and sequestration, greenhouse gas emission, and soil structure. The few existing, function-related standard methods available focus on the estimation of microbial biomass, basal respiration, enzyme activities related to nutrient cycling, and organic chemical biodegradation. This paper sets out to summarize and expand on recent discussions within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Soil Quality - Biological Characterization sub-committee (ISO TC 190/SC 4) where a need was identified to develop scientifically sound methods which would best fulfil the practical needs of future users for assessing soil quality. Of particular note was the current evolution of molecular methods in microbial ecology that uses quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to produce a large number of new endpoints and is more sensitive as compared to "classical" methods. Quantitative PCR assesses the activity of microbial genes that code for enzymes that catalyse major transformation steps in nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, chemical transformations including pesticide degradation, and plant growth promotion pathways. In the assessment of soil quality methods, it was found that fungal methods were significantly underrepresented. As such, techniques to analyse fungal enzyme activities are proposed. Additionally, methods for the determination of microbial growth rates and efficiencies, including the use of glomalin as a biochemical marker for soil aggregation, are discussed. Furthermore, field methods indicative of carbon turnover, including the litter bag test and a modification to the tea bag test, are presented. As a final note, it is suggested that endpoints should represent a potential function of soil microorganisms rather than actual activity levels, as the latter can largely be dependent on short-term variable soil properties such as pedoclimatic conditions, nutrient availability, and anthropogenic soil cultivation activities.

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“…The improvement of nutrient availability through the application of biofertilizer in the soil also improves the metabolic capacity and the number of soil microbial organisms in a process known as bioaugmentation (Albuquerque et al., ; Nwankwegu & Onwosi, ). In bioaugmentation, these microorganisms can use soil contaminants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons (aromatic compounds), to feed their metabolic activity and reduce their toxicity in the environment (Agarry, Owabor, & Yusuf, ; Modrzyński, Christensen, Mayer, & Brandt, ). The microbial production of biosurfactants adsorbs the aromatic hydrocarbons into the water phase, improving the bioremediation process (Johnsen, Wick, & Harms, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas production from slaughterhouse wastewaters and use of biofertilizer obtained for biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons

Marder

Konrad

Ilha

et al. 2019

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The anaerobic digestion of industrial wastes produces a biogas that is an alternative to the use of fossil fuels for energy production. At the end of this process, the stabilized biomass presents high levels of nutrients, which can be used both as biofertilizers in agriculture and for the biodegradation of contaminants in the soil through improvement of the microbiota. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate biogas production by industrial wastes and to use the biofertilizer for the bioremediation of soils previously contaminated with gasoline. The biomass (420 mL) generated approximately 10 liters (L) of methane and 3 L of other gases. Anaerobic incubation reduced total and volatile solids, as well as biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and the carbon and nitrogen contents of the biomass. The bioremediation experiment showed that 15 days after contamination with gasoline, the addition of the biofertilizer improved the degradation efficiency of monoaromatic hydrocarbons; however, the degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons was less time efficient. So, we conclude that the anaerobic incubation of industrial wastes generates a high amount of biogas, and that biofertilizer deposition into contaminated soil does not affect the efficiency of the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons after 30 days. Novelty or significance: Anaerobic incubation of industrial wastes generates a high calorific value gas, which can be used as an alternative source of energy. And, the resulting biomass, called biofertilizer, can be used to remediate soils contaminated with hydrocarbons.

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Limited recovery of soil microbial activity after transient exposure to gasoline vapors

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Identification of new microbial functional standards for soil quality assessment

Identification of new microbial functional standards for soil quality assessment

Identification of new microbial functional standards for soil quality assessment

Biogas production from slaughterhouse wastewaters and use of biofertilizer obtained for biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons

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