“…Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), due to small size, high torque density, excellent efficiency and performance, has been widely used in industrial fields, especially in robotics, aerospace and other occasions and fields, which have high requirements on motor performance and control precision (Boubaker et al , 2019; Guo et al , 2019; Hao et al , 2021; Jayaprakasan et al , 2020; Yan et al , 2018; Yuan et al , 2019). However, the PMSM is subject to the total disturbances including modelling errors, unknown dynamics and external disturbance caused by load mutation in practical engineering systems (Sun et al , 2020; Zuo et al , 2021).…”