“…The theory of HD was first introduced by Yu in 1977, was formulated in 1980 (P. L. Yu, 1980), and became a system of thought by 1985 (P. L. Yu, 1995). Since then, researchers in this field have disclosed a wealth of applications in mathematical (Chan & Yu, 1985;Chianglin, Lai, & Yu, 2007;Datta & Yu, 1991;P. L. Yu & Zhang, 1989a,1989b and qualitative (Chen, Huang, & Yu, 2012;P.…”