In the modern society when intelligent mobile devices become popular, the Internet breaks through the restrictions on time and space and becomes a ubiquitous learning tool. Designing teaching activity for digital learning and flexibly applying technology tools are the key issues for current information technology integrated education. In this study, students are tested and proceeded questionnaire survey to understand the opinions about digital learning. To effectively achieve the research objectives and test the research hypotheses, quasi-experimental research is applied in this study. Total 116 students in 4 classes are selected as the research subjects for the instructional research. The research results conclude that 1.digital learning presents better positive effects on learning motivation than traditional teaching does, 2.digital learning shows better positive effects on learning outcome than traditional teaching does, 3.learning motivation reveals significantly positive effects on learning effect in learning outcome, and 4.learning motivation appears remarkably positive effects on learning gain in learning outcome. It is expected to combine with current teaching trend and utilize the advantages of digital learning to develop practicable teaching strategies for the teaching effectiveness.

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NiCoB alloy catalyst has been reported to be a good catalyst for the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene to p-chloroaniline. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Mo content on the catalytic properties of NiCoB in the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene. A series of Mo-doped NiCoB nanoalloy catalysts with various Mo contents were prepared by chemically reacting nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, ammonium heptamolybdate, and sodium borohydride in a 50 vol % water/methanol solution at 298 K under an N2 gas curtain with vigorous stirring. The Ni/Co atomic ratio was fixed at 10. An excess amount of NaBH4 was used [B/(Ni + Co) atomic ratio = 3] to fully reduced Ni and Co cations. The catalysts were characterized with nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalysts were tested for liquid-phase hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene at 353 K and 1.2 MPa H2 pressure. Even adding a small amount of Mo had significant effect on activity and selectivity of NiCoB. The activity increased with an increase of Mo content until a Mo/Ni atomic ratio of 0.6 and then decreased. The catalyst with the atomic ratio of Mo/Ni = 0.6 had the highest surface area and the highest activity and selectivity of p-chloroaniline. The particle size of Mo−NiCoB decreased with an increase of Mo content. The crystallization temperature extended upward with the increase in Mo content, indicating that the molybdenum species suppressed the growth of the crystalline structure of NiCoB and helped the NiCoB catalyst maintain its amorphous state. Molybdenum was mainly in the form of hydroxide and acted as a spacer to prevent NiCoB from aggregation/agglomeration. Adding the proper amount of molybdenum in NiCoB catalysts increased the surface area, activity, and selectivity. An overdose of molybdenum had an opposite effect on the NiCoB catalyst. The optimum atomic ratio of Mo/Ni was 0.6.

BackgroundDysmenorrhea and stroke are health problems affecting women worldwide in their day-to-day lives; however, there is limited knowledge of the stroke risk in women with dysmenorrhea, and there have been no studies assessing the specific distribution of stroke subtypes. This case-control study assessed stroke subtypes by age and the role of comorbidities in women with dysmenorrhea.Methods and findingsData obtained between 1997 and 2013 from Taiwan’s health insurance database identified 514 stroke cases and 31,201 non-stroke controls in women with dysmenorrhea aged 15–49 years. Proportional distributions of subtypes and odds ratios (ORs) of stroke associated with comorbidities by age and subtype were measured. We found that the stroke risk in dysmenorrheal patients increased with age, and that hypertension was nine-fold more prevalent in the stroke cases than in the controls and was associated with an adjusted OR of 4.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.46–5.92) for all stroke cases. Moreover, the proportion of hemorrhagic stroke was greater than that of ischemic stroke in younger dysmenorrheal patients between 15–24 years old (50.5% vs. 11.4%), whereas this was reversed in those aged 30–49 years old (16.1% vs. 21.0%). Overall, 25.3% of the stroke cases consisted of transient cerebral ischemia and 31.3% were other acute but ill-defined cerebrovascular diseases, in which the prevalence increased with age for both types of strokes. Hypertension was the comorbidity with the highest OR associated with each subtype stroke; diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, and thyroid disease were also comorbidities that were significantly associated with ill-defined cerebrovascular diseases.ConclusionsThe stroke type varies by age in dysmenorrheal patients, and hypertension is the most important comorbidity associated with all types of stroke; therefore, more attention for stroke prevention must be paid to women with dysmenorrhea, particularly when combined with comorbidities.