Linearity Measurement and Pulse Amplitude Modulation in a Silicon Single-Drive Push–Pull Mach–Zehnder Modulator

Zhou, Yichao; Zhou, Linjie; Su, Feiran; Li, Xinwan; Chen, Jianping

doi:10.1109/jlt.2016.2567067

Cited by 40 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The nonlinear amplitude response is not included in Equation 3. In [15,16], the nonlinear response is treated as a quadrature term in x. Adding nonlinear response, ϕ mzm is expressed as…”

Section: Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation of Limited Bandwidth and Nonlinearity for Coherent Transponder

2019

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Coherent optical transponders are widely deployed in today’s long haul and metro optical networks using dense wavelength division multiplexing. To increase the data carrying capacity, the coherent transponder utilizes the high order modulation format and operates at a high baud rate. The limited bandwidth and the nonlinearity are two critical impairments for the coherent in-phase quadrature transmitter. These impairments can be mitigated by digital filters. However, to accurately determine the coefficients of these filters is difficult because the impairment from the limited bandwidth and the impairment from nonlinearity are coupled together. In this paper, we present a novel method to solve this problem. During the initial power-up, we apply a sinusoidal stimulus to the coherent IQ transmitter. We then scan the frequency and amplitude of the stimulus and monitor the output power. By curve-fitting with an accurate mathematical model, we determine the limited bandwidth, the nonlinearity, the power imbalance, and the bias point of the transponder simultaneously. Optimized coefficients of the digital filters are determined accordingly. Furthermore, we utilize a coherent IQ transponder and demonstrate that the limited bandwidth is improved by the finite impulse response filter, while nonlinearity is mitigated by the memoryless Volterra filter.

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“…The nonlinear amplitude response is not included in Equation 3. In [15,16], the nonlinear response is treated as a quadrature term in x. Adding nonlinear response, ϕ mzm is expressed as…”

Section: Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation of Limited Bandwidth and Nonlinearity for Coherent Transponder

2019

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“…Recently, thin-film integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators have been developed, exhibiting a CMOS-compatible drive voltage, a large bandwidth, and a low insertion loss [39], [40]. However, they typically have a modulation arm length In [11], [28], [29], [31], [34] and this work, the BER was estimated by using histograms of the captured eye diagrams. In [26], [27], the BER was measured by error counting using real-time oscilloscopes.…”

Section: Ee and Eo Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, PAM-4 modulation has lower power consumption per bit, assuming no increase in drive voltage requirements [10]. Various types of modulators can be used to generate PAM-4 signals, including dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM) [8], [26], [27], single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (SDMZM) [9], [11], dual-drive Michelson interferometric modulator (DDMIM) [28], dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) [29], segmented-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (SEMZM) [30], [31], MRM [12], [19], cascaded MRM (CMRM) [32], micro-ring resonator assisted Mach-Zehnder modulator (RAMZM) [33], [34], and so on. The drive voltage is usually large [25]- [34], due to the relatively low V π •L of the regular PN junction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

32-Gb/s OOK and 64-Gb/s PAM-4 Modulation Using a Single-Drive Silicon Mach–Zehnder Modulator with 2 V Drive Voltage

Zhou

Guo

et al. 2019

IEEE Photonics J.

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We demonstrate a high-efficiency silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator with Ushaped PN junctions. The depletion region of the U-shaped PN junction has a large overlap with the waveguide optical mode, leading to a low drive voltage. The calculated modulation efficiency is 0.33 V•cm at 0 V bias and 0.55 V•cm at −2 V bias. On-off keying (OOK) modulation and four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) are achieved at 32 Gb/s and 64 Gb/s data rates under 2 V drive voltage, respectively. The bit error rate for the PAM-4 modulation is below the hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 3.8 × 10 −3 .

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“…Despite the inherent nonlinear phase and absorption responses in the plasma dispersion effect, SiP MZMs showed good linearity [18][19][20]. Up to 88.9 dB•Hz 1/2 of second-order SFDR and 113.3 dB•Hz 2/3 of third-order IMD-SFDR were measured using a SiP MZM [20].…”

Section: Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DAC operates at 1 sample per symbol at 84 GSamples/s. The transmitter DSP includes, symbol generation, pulse shaping at symbol rates up to 84 Gbaud, RF spectral pre-compensation filter up to the RF amplifier outputs, clipping, and quantization [19,20]. It is to be noted that pulse-shaping at 84 Gbaud is performed by the DAC with an appropriately chosen equalizer and without intentional pulse shaping in the digital domain.…”

Section: Mzms For Pammentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon photonic modulators for PAM transmissions

Shi

Sepehrian

et al. 2018

J. Opt.

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High-speed optical interconnects are crucial for both high performance computing and data centers. High power consumption and limited device bandwidth have hindered the move to higher optical transmission speeds. Integrated optical transceivers in silicon photonics using pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) are a promising solution to increase data rates. In this paper, we review recent progress in silicon photonics for PAM transmissions.

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Linearity Measurement and Pulse Amplitude Modulation in a Silicon Single-Drive Push–Pull Mach–Zehnder Modulator

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Compensation of Limited Bandwidth and Nonlinearity for Coherent Transponder

Compensation of Limited Bandwidth and Nonlinearity for Coherent Transponder

32-Gb/s OOK and 64-Gb/s PAM-4 Modulation Using a Single-Drive Silicon Mach–Zehnder Modulator with 2 V Drive Voltage

Silicon photonic modulators for PAM transmissions

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