Lineshape of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser

Viciani, Silvia; Gabrysch, M.; Marín, F.; Sopra, Fabrice Monti di; Moser, M.; Gulden, K.

doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01381-0

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Usually, the spectral linewidth is measured by phase signal transmitted through Fabry−Perot resonator with large optical length [43]. That method is not very suitable for tunable laser diodes based on InAsSb because of high losses in a spectral range of 3-4 μm.…”

Section: Theoretical Background Of Spectral Linewidth Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared diode laser spectroscopy

Civiš

Cihelka²,

Matulková

2010

Opto-Electronics Review

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Three types of lasers (double-heterostructure 66 K InAsSb/InAsSbP laser diode, room temperature, multi quantum wells with distributed feedback (MQW with DFB) (GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb based) diode laser and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) (GaSb based) have been characterized using Fourier transform emission spectroscopy and compared. The photoacoustic technique was employed to determine the detection limit of formaldehyde (less than 1 ppmV) for the strongest absorption line of the v3 + v5 band in the emission region of the GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb diode laser. The detection limit (less than 10 ppbV) of formaldehyde was achieved in the 2820 cm−1 spectral range in case of InAsSb/InAsSbP laser (fundamental bands of v1, v5). Laser sensitive detection (laser absorption together with high resolution Fourier transform infrared technique including direct laser linewidth measurement, infrared photoacoustic detection of neutral molecules (methane, form-aldehyde) is discussed.Additionally, very sensitive laser absorption techniques of such velocity modulation are discussed for case of laser application in laboratory research of molecular ions. Such sensitive techniques (originally developed for lasers) contributed very much in identifying laboratory microwave spectra of a series of anions (C6H−, C4H−, C2H−, CN−) and their discovery in the interstellar space (C6H−, C4H−).

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Section: Theoretical Background Of Spectral Linewidth Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared diode laser spectroscopy

Civiš

Cihelka²,

Matulková

2010

Opto-Electronics Review

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“…Stéphan et al [14] gave a different approximation of the 1=f -induced Gaussian contribution to the line shape, with a linewidth that does not contain any dependency on the observation time, and Godone et al [18,19] gave the rf spectra corresponding to phase noise spectral densities of arbitrary slopes. Finally, some publications also stated that the combined contribution of white noise Lorentzian line shape and 1=f -noise Gaussian line shape resulted in a Voigt profile for the optical line shape [14,16,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple approach to the relation between laser frequency noise and laser line shape

2010

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Frequency fluctuations of lasers cause a broadening of their line shapes. Although the relation between the frequency noise spectrum and the laser line shape has been studied extensively, no simple expression exists to evaluate the laser linewidth for frequency noise spectra that does not follow a power law. We present a simple approach to this relation with an approximate formula for evaluation of the laser linewidth that can be applied to arbitrary noise spectral densities.

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“…However, it is shown in [8] that such a function can be inaccurate in reproducing the laser spectral shape, which is better described by a Voigt profile, i.e., by a convolution of a Lorentzian and a Gaussian function. The Gaussian contribution is due to excess low-frequency noise, that is indeed directly shown in [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We define a dimensionless spatially weighted carrier density, normalized to transparency, as (7) The threshold carrier density is defined as (8) This expression is derived from the steady-state solution of the equation for the electric field amplitude in the absence of spontaneous emission. Multiplying (4) by and integrating over the transverse coordinates, we obtain (9) where (10) represents the effective mode volume, and we write the carrier decay rate as (11) with , , and is the transverse confinement factor.…”

Section: A General Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The derivation of from the linewidth is a very exploited method. If we just consider the rather recent vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), such measurements are described, e.g., in [4]- [8]. In all these reports (except [7]), however, some of the parameters included in the modified Schawlow-Townes expression of the linewidth [1], [9] are calculated from semiconductor laser theory assuming data about the laser structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurement of the working parameters of an air-post vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Barland

Spinicelli

Giacomelli

et al. 2005

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-We present a complete experimental evaluation of the effective parameters necessary to describe the dynamical behavior of an air-post vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, on the basis of theoretical equations which are also derived in this paper. The experimental investigation is composed of several steps, including power versus current measurement, noise spectrum analysis, linewidth evaluation. The complete set of parameters derived, in particular the linewidth-enhancement factor and the spontaneous emission factor, is particularly important for accurate comparisons of theoretical models on the laser dynamics with experiments.Index Terms-Amplitude noise spectrum, lineshape, linewidth enhancement factor, relative intensity noise (RIN), semiconductor lasers, spontaneous emission, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs).

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Lineshape of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Infrared diode laser spectroscopy

Infrared diode laser spectroscopy

Simple approach to the relation between laser frequency noise and laser line shape

Measurement of the working parameters of an air-post vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

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