Linewidth of four-level microcavity lasers

Pedrotti, Leno S.; Sokol, Michael; Rice, Perry

doi:10.1103/physreva.59.2295

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Around threshold, the rapid increase of the gain-index coupling in semiconductor lasers slows down the narrowing of the linewidth, until carrier pinning resumes the Schawlow-Townes inverse power narrowing rate 35,36 . The mechanisms affecting the linewidth above threshold, especially for lasers with high spontaneous emission coupling to the lasing mode, are still a subject of research and addressing them is beyond the scope of this paper 37,38 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thresholdless nanoscale coaxial lasers

Khajavikhan

Simić

Katz

et al. 2012

Nature

521

415

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The effects of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), caused by the interaction of matter and the electromagnetic field in subwavelength resonant structures, have been the subject of intense research in recent years. The generation of coherent radiation by subwavelength resonant structures has attracted considerable interest, not only as a means of exploring the QED effects that emerge at small volume, but also for its potential in applications ranging from on-chip optical communication to ultrahigh-resolution and high-throughput imaging, sensing and spectroscopy. One such strand of research is aimed at developing the 'ultimate' nanolaser: a scalable, low-threshold, efficient source of radiation that operates at room temperature and occupies a small volume on a chip. Different resonators have been proposed for the realization of such a nanolaser--microdisk and photonic bandgap resonators, and, more recently, metallic, metallo-dielectric and plasmonic resonators. But progress towards realizing the ultimate nanolaser has been hindered by the lack of a systematic approach to scaling down the size of the laser cavity without significantly increasing the threshold power required for lasing. Here we describe a family of coaxial nanostructured cavities that potentially solve the resonator scalability challenge by means of their geometry and metal composition. Using these coaxial nanocavities, we demonstrate the smallest room-temperature, continuous-wave telecommunications-frequency laser to date. In addition, by further modifying the design of these coaxial nanocavities, we achieve thresholdless lasing with a broadband gain medium. In addition to enabling laser applications, these nanoscale resonators should provide a powerful platform for the development of other QED devices and metamaterials in which atom-field interactions generate new functionalities.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thresholdless nanoscale coaxial lasers

Khajavikhan

Simić

Katz

et al. 2012

Nature

521

415

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this linewidth behavior, though predicted in theory [68][69][70], has never been reported in any laser, and is unique to our thresholdless laser. The light-light curve obtained from the rate equation model for the laser of Structure B at 4.5 K is shown by the solid blue line in Figure 26a.…”

Section: Characterization and Discussion Of Thresholdless Nanoscalmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…In most reported lasers, the linewidth behavior distinctly differs from the inverse power narrowing rate. The mechanisms affecting the above-threshold linewidth, especially for lasers with high spontaneous emission coupling to the lasing mode, are still a subject of research [68][69][70]. A rate-equation model is adopted to study the dynamics of the photon-carriers interaction in the laser cavities.…”

Section: Characterization and Discussion Of Thresholdless Nanoscalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturization and Optimization of Nanoscale Resonant Oscillators

Fainman¹,

Tu²,

Lomakin³

et al. 2013

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“…This narrowing corresponds to the carrierpinning effect, as further corroborated by the results of the rate-equation model for the carrier density. To the best of our knowledge, this linewidth behavior, though predicted in theory [88,89], has never been reported in any laser and is unique to the unity-β laser.…”

Section: Characterization and Discussion Of Optically Pumped Unity β-mentioning

confidence: 58%

Subwavelength semiconductor lasers for dense chip-scale integration

Smalley

Nezhad

et al. 2014

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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Metal-clad subwavelength lasers have recently become excellent candidates for light sources in densely packed chip-scale photonic circuits. In this review, we summarize recent research efforts in the theory, design, fabrication, and characterization of such lasers. We detail advancements of both the metallodielectric and the coaxial type lasers: for the metallo-dielectric type, we discuss operation with both optical pumping and electrical pumping. For the coaxial type, we discuss operation with all spontaneous emission coupled into the lasing mode, as well as the smallest metal-clad lasers to date operating at room temperature. A formal treatment of the Purcell effect, the modification of the spontaneous emission rate by a subwavelength cavity, is then presented to assist in better understanding the quantum effects in these nanoscale semiconductor lasers. This formalism is developed for the transparent medium condition, using the emitter-field-reservoir model in the quantum theory of damping. We show its utility through the analysis and design of subwavelength lasers. Finally, we discuss future research directions toward high-efficiency nanolasers and potential applications, such as creating planar arrays of uncoupled lasers with emitter densities near the resolution limit.

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Linewidth of four-level microcavity lasers

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Thresholdless nanoscale coaxial lasers

Thresholdless nanoscale coaxial lasers

Miniaturization and Optimization of Nanoscale Resonant Oscillators

Subwavelength semiconductor lasers for dense chip-scale integration

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