Linezolid induced black hairy tongue

Govindan, Balaji; Maharani, Benedicta Audrey; Velappan, Ravichandran; Parthasarathi, Thiyagarajan

doi:10.4103/0253-7613.144942

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Smoking or chewing tobacco, poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, substance abuse like cocaine, using peroxide containing mouth washes and drugs like steroids, bismuth, methyldopa, Linezolid, tetracycline are the predisposing factors of Black hairy tongue. [ 22 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among dental patients with mixed habits in Salem district - A study

Karthik

Mohan

2017

J Pharm Bioall Sci

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Background:The practice of betel nut chewing with or without tobacco is still practiced in south india, salem inspite of its harmful effects.Methodology:200 Patients visiting the outpatient department, Oral medicine and radiology from Aug 2015 to Aug 2016.Result and Conclusion:In our study, 3 women were exclusively churut smokers. Thirty-eight percent of the dental patients were beedi smoker, 32% were tobacco chewers, 12% were both betel nut and tobacco chewers, 8% were exclusively betel nut chewers, 1% of the dental population were exclusively churut smokers. Mean age group of the study population is 50.2 (14.4). There are 28 females and 172 males in the study group. Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001) between males and females based on soft-tissue findings and no statistically significant difference (P = 0.572) between males and females based on distribution of hard-tissue findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among dental patients with mixed habits in Salem district - A study

Karthik

Mohan

2017

J Pharm Bioall Sci

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“…According to our knowledge, this is the first case of BHT induced by linezolid in mainland China. The patient had no symptoms in general, but some patients may experience itching, swelling or burning of the tongue, nausea, halitosis or different tongue appearances [ 4 , 5 ]. The exact mechanism by which drugs cause black hairy tongue remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse reaction report and retrospective analysis of black hairy tongue caused by linezolid

Luo

Gao

et al. 2020

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports

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The adverse reaction of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) caused by linezolid is rare. We reports a case of linezolid-induced BHT, and reviews relevant literatures at home and abroad. It aims to provide a safe and reasonable basis for clinical medication use. A 14-year-old adolescent with pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) developed a rash and pruritus due to Vancomycin. Instead, the patient was given linezolid 600mg q12h in injection during hospitalization and in tablet after discharge. On the 14th day after injection and the second day after oral administration the patient showed BHT without other abnormal taste symptoms. But all the symptoms could be tolerated and he completed the therapy course of linezolid. Tongue symptoms completely disappeared on the 8th day after drug withdrawal. Based on the Karch and Lasagna evaluation methods and the cause-and-effect evaluation methods of the WHO collaborating center for international adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring, it is likely that this patient had a BHT caused by linezolid. The mean time of occurrence of BHT was 14.36 days, and the mean time of symptom disappearance was 23.43 days after drug administration. When linezolid is prescribed to patients, especially those with atopy, the patient's tongue should be closely observed and good oral hygiene is recommended.

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“…Additionally, linezolid and clindamycin use were reported in two other cases (4.1%). 38,64 Antimalarial medications were linked to MIOH in 68 cases affecting the palate, gingiva, and lips. Quinacrine hydrochloride, 47,63,66 hydroxychloroquine, 18,39 quinidine sulfate, 35,41 Daraclor, 32 amodiaquine, 42 and chloroquine compound 31,33,39,45,60 were the most commonly-reported offending medications.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the included studies were case reports and case series, 4,5,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][44][45][46]48,54,58,[62][63][64][65][66] most of which achieved a moderate quality level based on Murad et al's method. 9 The NOS was used for the assessment of bias in the included cohort and cross-sectional studies.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Medication-Induced Oral Hyperpigmentation: A Systematic Review</p>

Binmadi¹,

Bawazir²,

Alhindi³

et al. 2020

PPA

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Background: Medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation is an oral condition that impacts patients' quality of life and has been linked to many systemic therapeutic agents. The exact pathogenesis of tissue pigmentation varies greatly and is not completely known. This systematic review aimed to present data on the causal association between medications and the development of oral/mucosal pigmentation as an adverse drug reaction. Methods: A systematic review and analysis of literature were conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Scopus. The systematic review included original articles written in English and published between January 1982 and June 2020. Following the PRISMA statement, eligible articles were systematically reviewed, and data were extracted from eligible studies and analyzed. Results: A total of 235 articles were identified, of which 57 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The mean age of included patients was 46.2±16.38 years (range: 10-90 years) with a male to female ratio of 1:1.45. Oral mucosal hyperpigmentation was reported following the use of several classes of medications such as antiviral (eg, zidovudine), antibiotic (eg, minocycline), antimalarial (eg, chloroquine), anti-fungal (eg, ketoconazole), antileprotic (eg, clofazimine), antihypertensive (eg, amlodipine), chemotherapeutic, and antineoplastic drugs. The risk of developing oral pigmentation was significantly higher with antimalarial medications, antibiotics, antineoplastic and chemotherapeutic agents. Medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation was most frequent among women and in the hard palate. Conclusion: Future research is warranted to better understand the pathogenesis and risk factors for medication-induced oral hyperpigmentation in order to reassure patients during prescription and management.

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Linezolid induced black hairy tongue

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among dental patients with mixed habits in Salem district - A study

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among dental patients with mixed habits in Salem district - A study

Adverse reaction report and retrospective analysis of black hairy tongue caused by linezolid

<p>Medication-Induced Oral Hyperpigmentation: A Systematic Review</p>

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