“…However, the simultaneous rise of English as the lingua franca in Europe and its increasing presence in all European institutions, including the educational systems (Phillipson, ; Seidlhofer, Breiteneder, & Pitzl, ; Truchot, ), may pose a challenge to promoting plurilingualism. There is reason to be concerned that the dominance of English could make Europeans lose interest in learning other languages if it is judged to be an unnecessary, even futile exercise (e.g., Phillipson, ; Soler, ). The effects of English language dominance on language learning have been critically discussed by various authors (e.g., Crystal, ; Skutnabb–Kangas, ).…”