Linking Obesity with Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanistic Insights

Ye, Pengfei; Xi, Yue; Huang, Zhiying; Xu, Pengfei

doi:10.3390/cancers12061408

Cited by 100 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…It is known that the intake of processed/red meat, alcohol consumption, low intake of fruits and starchy vegetables, and smoking are risk factors for CRC [ 1 , 3 ]. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence showing that obesity increases the risk of CRC development and progression [ 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 ]. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the association between obesity and CRC incidence is stronger in men than in women [ 118 , 119 ].…”

Section: Sex Differences In the Incidence Of Major Gastrointestinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted that estrogen affects the risk of CRC depending on the stage of CRC development; estrogen enhances ER-β expression to inhibit colon tumorigenesis in the early disease stages, whereas in the late disease stages, it stimulates ER-α expression, resulting in tumor progression [ 132 ]. Thus, it appears that obesity-induced elevation in estrogen levels might have a protective effect on CRC risk through the activation of ER-β [ 114 , 132 ]. In addition, the administration of exogenous estrogens (hormone replacement therapy) shows a protective effect against CRC [ 135 ].…”

Section: Sex Differences In the Incidence Of Major Gastrointestinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is linked to CRC risk [ 114 , 144 , 145 ]. One study reported similarities in gut microbiota composition between obesity and CRC patients.…”

Section: Sex Differences In the Incidence Of Major Gastrointestinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer

Heo

Kim

Sung

2021

IJMS

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 9.6 million people estimated to have died of cancer in 2018. Excess body fat deposition is a risk factor for many types of cancer. Men and women exhibit differences in body fat distribution and energy homeostasis regulation. This systematic review aimed to understand why sex disparities in obesity are associated with sex differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. Cancers of the esophagus, liver, and colon are representative gastrointestinal cancers, and obesity is a convincing risk factor for their development. Numerous epidemiological studies have found sex differences in the incidence of esophageal, liver, and colorectal cancers. We suggest that these sexual disparities are partly explained by the availability of estrogens and other genetic factors regulating inflammation, cell growth, and apoptosis. Sex differences in gut microbiota composition may contribute to differences in the incidence and phenotype of colorectal cancer. To establish successful practices in personalized nutrition and medicine, one should be aware of the sex differences in the pathophysiology and associated mechanisms of cancer development.

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Section: Sex Differences In the Incidence Of Major Gastrointestinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex Differences In the Incidence Of Major Gastrointestinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer

Heo

Kim

Sung

2021

IJMS

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“…Moreover, some important clinical factors and lifestyle habits, such as dietary habits, obesity, smoking, and diabetes, were not included in our analysis. However, these factors in uenced the prognoses of patients with colorectal cancer [30][31][32][33] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival-associated Metabolic Genes in Colon and Rectal Cancers

Cui

Han²,

He³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Uncontrolled proliferation is the most prominent biological feature of tumors. To rapidly proliferate and maximize the use of available nutrients, tumor cells regulate their metabolic behavior and the expression of metabolism-related genes (MRGs). In this study, we aimed to construct prognosis models for colon and rectal cancers, using MRGs to indicate the prognoses of patients. MethodsWe first acquired the gene expression profiles of colon and rectal cancers from the TCGA and GEO database, and utilized univariate Cox analysis, lasso regression, and multivariable cox analysis to identify MRGs for risk models. Then GSEA and KEGG functional enrichment analysis were utilized to identify the metabolism pathway of MRGs in the risk models and analyzed these genes comprehensively using GSCALite.ResultsEight genes (CPT1C, PLCB2, PLA2G2D, GAMT, ENPP2, PIP4K2B, GPX3, and GSR) in the colon cancer risk model and six genes (TDO2, PKLR, GAMT, EARS2, ACO1, and WAS) in the rectal cancer risk model were identified successfully. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the models predicted overall survival accurately and independently for patients with colon or rectal cancer. Furthermore, we identified the metabolism pathway of MRGs in the risk models and analyzed these genes comprehensively. Then, we verified the prognosis model in independent colon cancer cohorts (GSE17538) and detected the correlations of the protein expression levels of GSR and ENPP2 with prognosis for colon or rectal cancer. ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that 14 MRGs are potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of colorectal cancer.

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“…The cause of CRC is not fully understood; it is believed to be multifactorial, and accumulated evidence suggests that certain risk factors are linked to the disease [ 5 ]. For example, genetic factors (family history, inherited syndromes, racial and ethnic background), lifestyle (diet, smoking, and alcohol use), and other illness histories (inflammatory bowel diseases, colon polyps, obesity, type II diabetes) are reported to be strongly correlated with the formation of colon cancer [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms for Colorectal Cancer Therapy

Yang

Merlin

2020

Nanomaterials

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent disease worldwide, and patients at late stages of CRC often suffer from a high mortality rate after surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapeutics (ACs) have been extensively developed to improve the survival rate of such patients, but conventionally formulated ACs inevitably distribute toxic chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy organs and thus often trigger severe side effects. CRC cells may also develop drug resistance following repeat dosing of conventional ACs, limiting their effectiveness. Given these limitations, researchers have sought to use targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs), specifically the nanotechnology-based DDSs, to deliver the ACs. As lipid-based nanoplatforms have shown the potential to improve the efficacy and safety of various cytotoxic drugs (such as paclitaxel and vincristine) in the clinical treatment of gastric cancer and leukemia, the preclinical progress of lipid-based nanoplatforms has attracted increasing interest. The lipid-based nanoplatforms might be the most promising DDSs to succeed in entering a clinical trial for CRC treatment. This review will briefly examine the history of preclinical research on lipid-based nanoplatforms, summarize the current progress, and discuss the challenges and prospects of using such approaches in the treatment of CRC.

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Linking Obesity with Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanistic Insights

Cited by 100 publications

References 161 publications

Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer

Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer

Survival-associated Metabolic Genes in Colon and Rectal Cancers

Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms for Colorectal Cancer Therapy

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