“…Coastal areas are one of the most attractive areas for urban residents based on strategic, cultural, economic, social or recreational reasons, and development benefits (Littles, Jackson, DeWitt, & Harwell, 2018;Mehvar, Filatova, Dastgheib, de Ruyter van Steveninck, & Ranasinghe, 2018;Sausner & Webster, 2016). Hence, coastal areas tend to have higher populations (Balica, SF;Wright, NG;van der Meulen, 2012), and a considerable population can potentially increase vulnerable communities (Adger, 1996).…”