“…Rapid and reliable identification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels in complex biological samples, including blood and serum, stands as a pivotal requirement for the early diagnosis of cancers . Currently, numerous analytical techniques have been employed to detect HER2, such as fluorescent, optical, and electrochemical assays. − Electrochemical detection is widely employed for biomolecule detection in biological samples, capitalizing on its rapid detection and high sensitivity. , However, the exposure of sensing devices to biological fluids results in biofouling due to the nonspecific adsorption of biological macromolecules, particularly proteins, thereby affecting the accuracy of detection and causing device malfunctions. − To significantly enhance the detection accuracy in electrochemical biosensors, one effective approach is the modification of antifouling materials at the sensing interface. These materials include poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), zwitterionic materials like sulfobetaine and phosphorylcholine, hyaluronic acid, peptides, − and so on.…”