Linking plants to rocks: ectomycorrhizal fungi mobilize nutrients from minerals

Landeweert, R.; Hoffland, Ellis; Finlay, Roger D.; Kuyper, Thom W.; Breemen, N. van

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02122-x

Cited by 628 publications

(369 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This latter assumption is corroborated by evidences showing that some ectomycorrhizal fungi are able to utilize organic sources of P from soil organic matter (Smith & Read, 1997;Sawyer et al, 2003). Others studies have shown that ectomycorrhizal fungi may produce organic acids and phosphatases, and that these may help them to solubilize inorganic and organic insoluble forms of P (Wallander, 2000;Landeweert et al, 2001;Hofland et al, 2004). Isolate UFSC-Pt188, a P. microcarpus isolate, was the most efficient of the isolates tested in improving P uptake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

New isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the growth of eucalypt

Souza

Bonnassis

Filho

et al. 2008

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of ectomycorrhizal isolates on root colonization, phosphorus uptake and growth of Eucalyptus dunnii seedlings. Inocula of ten ectomycorrhizal isolates of Chondrogaster angustisporus, Hysterangium gardneri, Pisolithus spp., and Scleroderma spp. were aseptically produced in a peat-vermiculite mixture supplemented with liquid culture medium. Plants grew in a similar substrate supplemented with macro-and micro-nutrients; treatments were randomly distributed in a greenhouse. After three months, seedlings inoculated with three isolates -UFSC-Sc68 (Scleroderma sp.), UFSC-Ch163 (Chondrogaster angustisporus), and UFSC-Pt188 (Pisolithus microcarpus) -had a phosphorus shoot content and a shoot dry matter higher or equivalent to those of noninoculated controls which had been fertilized with a 16-fold phosphorus amount. These isolates were selected for new studies for establishing inoculum production techniques, in order to be applied in reforestation programmes under nursery and field conditions. Index terms: Chondrogaster, Pisolithus, Eucalyptus dunnii, efficiency, inoculation, plant growth. Novos isolados de fungos ectomicorrízicos e o crescimento de eucaliptoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de isolados fúngicos ectomicorrízicos na colonização radicular, na absorção de fósforo e no crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii. Os inóculos de dez isolados de Chondrogaster angustisporus, Hysterangium gardneri, Pisolithus spp. e Scleroderma spp. foram produzidos em uma mistura turfa-vermiculita suplementada com meio de cultura líquido. As plantas foram cultivadas em substrato semelhante com macro e micronutrientes. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após três meses, as plântulas com inoculação dos isolados -UFSC-Sc68 (Scleroderma sp.), UFSC-Ch163 (Chondrogaster angustisporus) e UFSC-Pt188 (Pisolithus microcarpus) -tiveram os maiores valores de matéria seca e de fósforo na parte aérea. Esses valores foram superiores ou equivalentes aos observados nas plantas sem inoculação, adubadas com 16 vezes mais fósforo. Esses isolados foram selecionados para futuros estudos, a fim de se estabelecerem técnicas de produção de inoculantes, para serem usados em programas de reflorestamento em condições de viveiros e campo.Termos para indexação: Chondrogaster, Pisolithus, Eucalyptus dunnii, eficiência, inoculação, crescimento vegetal.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

New isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the growth of eucalypt

Souza

Bonnassis

Filho

et al. 2008

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…Roots and several soil organisms including ectomycorrhizal fungi (Landeweert et al 2001), but not AMF (Trolove et al 2003), are known to produce organic anions to help solubilize P. A stimulating influence of AMF on P solubilizing bacteria has been observed. Villegas and Fortin (2002) have shown using in vitro culture of G. intraradices on transformed carrot roots, that the P solubilizing activities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. putida were enhanced in the presence of AMF hyphae, when N was provided as NO 3 -.…”

Section: Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Nh 4 + and P Transformation In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on N and P cycling in the root zone

Hamel¹

2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Hamel, C. 2004. Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on N and P cycling in the root zone. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 383-395. The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil processes is difficult to define, in part because it varies with the plant and fungal genotypes as well as with environmental conditions. The influence of AMF on N cycling is just being discovered. This short review examines areas of knowledge related to the nature of the mycorrhizosphere, AMF-microbe interactions, and N and P mobilization in the root zone. The role AMF could play in the root zone in N and P dynamics is presented. The spatial organization of roots and hyphae in soil suggests that AMF may enhance the reabsorption of nutrients lost through root exudation. These fungi influence soil microorganisms and, hence, they may influence biochemical reactions in soil including mineralization of organic matter and nitrification. AMF seem to improve the capacity of their host plant to use organic sources of P and N. AMF might improve the ability of plants to compete with saprotrophs for the uptake of P and N. The impact from this latter effect of AMF could exceed that stemming from their possible direct use of amino-acid-N, their production of phosphatase enzymes and possibly of organic anions. Better competitive ability of mycorrhizal plants under conditions of low soil P and N levels could reduce saprotrophic populations and, if this occurs, regulate soil organic matter turnover rate. The management of biological soil resources, in truly sustainable cropping systems, may be the largest challenge in crop production. Il est difficile d'établir avec précision l'incidence des mycorhizes à arbuscules (MA) sur les processus du sol, parce qu'elle varie, d'une part, avec la plante et le génotype des champignons, mais aussi avec les conditions environnementales. On commence à peine à décou-vrir l'influence des MA sur le cycle de l'azote. Ce court article fait le point sur ce qu'on sait de la nature de la myco-rhizosphère, des interactions entre les MA et les microorganismes et de la mobilisation du N et du P dans la rhizosphère. Suit une description du rôle que les MA pourraient jouer dans la dynamique du N et du P au niveau de la rhizosphère. L'organisation spatiale des racines et des hyphes dans le sol laisse croire que les MA pourraient faciliter la réabsorption des éléments nutritifs que les racines perdent par exsudation. Les champignons influent sur la microflore tellurique, donc pourraient modifier les réactions biochimiques dans le sol, y compris la minéral-isation et la nitrification de la matière organique. Les MA semblent accroître la capacité de la plante hôte à exploiter les sources de P et de N organiques. Ils pourraient aussi amener les plantes à mieux concurrencer les saprophytes pour l'absorption du P et du N. Cette dernière propriété pourrait avoir une plus grande incidence que celle issue de l'utilisation directe éventuelle du N des acides aminés, de la synthèse de phosphatase et peut-être de la libération d'anions or...

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“…podzolisation (Van Breemen et al 2000a;Van Breemen et al 2000b;Landeweert et al 2001). These questions have been addressed in the "Rock-eating Mycorrhiza: Where, Why, How?"…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles

et al. 2007

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A decade ago, tunnels inside mineral grains were found that were likely formed by hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi. This observation implied that EcM fungi can dissolve mineral grains. The observation raised several questions on the ecology of these "rock-eating" fungi. This review addresses the roles of these rock-eating EcM associations in plant nutrition, biogeochemical cycles and pedogenesis. Research approaches ranged from molecular to ecosystem level scales. Nutrient deficiencies change EcM seedling exudation patterns of organic anions and thus their potential to mobilise base cations from minerals. This response was fungal species-specific. Some EcM fungi accelerated mineral weathering. While mineral weathering could also increase the concentrations of phytotoxic aluminium in the soil solution, some EcM fungi increase Al tolerance through an enhanced exudation of oxalate. Through their contribution to Al transport, EcM hyphae could be agents in pedogenesis, especially podzolisation. A modelling study indicated that mineral tunnelling is less important than surface weathering by EcM fungi. With both processes taken together, the contribution of EcM fungi to weathering may be significant. In the field vertical niche differentiation of EcM fungi was shown for EcM root tips and extraradical mycelium. In the field EcM fungi and tunnel densities were correlated. Our results support a role of rock-eating EcM fungi in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles. EcM fungal species-specific differences indicate the need for further research with regard to this variation in functional traits.

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Linking plants to rocks: ectomycorrhizal fungi mobilize nutrients from minerals

Cited by 628 publications

References 39 publications

New isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the growth of eucalypt

New isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the growth of eucalypt

Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on N and P cycling in the root zone

Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles

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