“…Regarding this, several previous studies have also reported that the supplementation of different types of probiotics is able to promote the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and reduce expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, thus alleviating the intestinal and systemic inflammation and promoting the expression of immunoglobulin A to enhance the immune system of body (Li, Zhang, et al, 2022 ; Liu et al, 2022 ). More importantly, the supplementation of probiotics can also directly repair damaged intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibit intestinal inflammation, and thus preventing the pro‐inflammatory cytokines from acting on the bones of body with the blood circulation (Zhang, Cao, Li, Lu, Dai, Zhang, Wang, & Rui, 2022 ; Zhang, Cao, Li, Zhang, Wu, Yu, & Rui, 2022 ; Zhou et al, 2023 ). Liu et al ( 2019 ) showed via a study that the administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for 8 consecutive weeks can reverse the bone loss induced by tenofovir fumarate diester in mice by repairing the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier, increasing Treg cells and reducing Th17 cells, and downregulating the osteoclast‐related factors in bone marrow, spleen, and intestine.…”