Linking thermoset ink rheology to the stability of 3D-printed structures

Romberg, Stian K.; Islam, Mohammad A.; Hershey, Christopher; DeVinney, Michael; Duty, Chad; Kunc, Vlastimil; Compton, Brett G.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101621

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The ability to print the ink at a desired rate followed by FP curing allows for the additive manufacture of composite structures that are not easy to make using other techniques. For example, in the traditional DIW technique, where the material is first printed and then cured in a separate step, a limited number of layers can typically be printed as the added weight of additional layers will deform the underlying layers and adversely affect the quality of the printed layers. − We demonstrate that we can print and cure 30 layers of a composite structure by depositing the material at 3 mm s –1 while ensuring that the new, uncured ink is always deposited on a cured substrate layer to prevent any gravity-induced deformations in the underlying layers (Figure c). Monitoring the thermal video of the printing process reveals that the front propagates steadily with a relatively constant lag with respect to the printing nozzle, caused by the initial activation time of the FP reaction (Figure S2a–c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

3D Printing of Short-Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Polymer Composites via Frontal Polymerization

Ziaee

Johnson

Yourdkhani

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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3D printing of fiber-reinforced thermoset composites is desirable for rapid fabrication of 3D composite objects with minimal tooling. One of the main issues in 3D printing of thermoset composites is the low cure rates of matrix resins, which prevents rapid curing and rigidization of composite materials during the printing process and capturing the desired print geometry. Here, we demonstrate a new technique for in situ printing and curing of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoset composites without any postcuring or postprocessing steps. Upon extrusion and deposition of the composite ink from a printing nozzle, the ink is cured via frontal polymerization, leading to rapid printing of high-quality composites. Tailoring the processing conditions allows for freeform or rapid, supported printing of 3D composite objects with zero void content and highly oriented carbon fiber reinforcements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

3D Printing of Short-Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Polymer Composites via Frontal Polymerization

Ziaee

Johnson

Yourdkhani

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Similar to FDM, DIW is also a high-efficiency method to deposit multi-material printed parts because it is of low cost and can be simply carried out [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ]. More importantly, DIW exhibits tremendous potential because it is highly suitable for printing a large variety of different functional materials through multiple inkjet heads or nozzles to deposit different materials, including metallic particles [ 99 , 100 , 101 ], ceramic particles [ 102 , 103 , 104 ], extracellular matrices [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ], hydrogels, and elastomers and epoxy thermosets [ 109 , 110 , 111 112 ]. As a result, DIW with multiple nozzles has become a favored candidate for multi-material 3D printing.…”

Section: Systematic Review Of Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

et al. 2021

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Multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers has experienced a remarkable increase in interest over the last 20 years. This technology can rapidly design and directly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) parts with multiple materials without complicating manufacturing processes. This research aims to obtain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current state of research and reveal challenges and opportunities for future research in the area. To achieve the goal, this study conducts a scientometric analysis and a systematic review of the global research published from 2000 to 2021 on multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers. In the scientometric analysis, a total of 2512 journal papers from the Scopus database were analyzed by evaluating the number of publications, literature coupling, keyword co-occurrence, authorship, and countries/regions activities. By doing so, the main research frame, articles, and topics of this research field were quantitatively determined. Subsequently, an in-depth systematic review is proposed to provide insight into recent advances in multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers in the aspect of technologies and applications, respectively. From the scientometric analysis, a heavy bias was found towards studying materials in this field but also a lack of focus on developing technologies. The future trend is proposed by the systematic review and is discussed in the directions of interfacial bonding strength, printing efficiency, and microscale/nanoscale multi-material 3D printing. This study contributes by providing knowledge for practitioners and researchers to understand the state of the art of multi-material additive manufacturing of polymers and expose its research needs, which can serve both academia and industry.

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“…Both G' and G'' increased as the oscillation frequency increased, and G' was higher than G'' at the same moisture content, indicating solid-like properties. Therefore, the PY would have sufficient strength to be stably deposited on the next layer after extrusion through the nozzle [38]. In addition, the increase of moisture induced a simultaneous decline of G' and G'', but resulted in a significant increase of the dynamic mechanical loss tangent (tan δ) calculated as G''/G' (Fig.…”

Section: Rheological Behaviors Of Pymentioning

confidence: 99%