Links Between Childhood Exposure to Violent Contexts and Risky Adolescent Health Behaviors

James, Sarah; Donnelly, Louis; Brooks‐Gunn, Jeanne; McLanahan, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.013

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…13,14 Toxic stress-induced alterations also influence the adoption of maladaptive coping behaviors decades later. [37][38][39][40] Several researchers have noted that many other experiences in childhood are also associated with poor outcomes later in life, and these include being raised in poverty, 41 left homeless, [42][43][44] exposed to neighborhood violence, [45][46][47] subjected to racism, [48][49][50] bullied, 51,52 or punished harshly. 53 This wide spectrum of adversity underscores the fact that ACE scores and other epidemiologically derived risk factors at the population level are not valid or reliable predictors of outcomes at the individual level.…”

Section: Primary Preventions In the Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Childhood Toxic Stress: Partnering With Families and Communities to Promote Relational Health

2021

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By focusing on the safe, stable, and nurturing relationships (SSNRs) that buffer adversity and build resilience, pediatric care is on the cusp of a paradigm shift that could reprioritize clinical activities, rewrite research agendas, and realign our collective advocacy. Driving this transformation are advances in developmental sciences as they inform a deeper understanding of how early life experiences, both nurturing and adverse, are biologically embedded and influence outcomes in health, education, and economic stability across the life span. This revised policy statement on childhood toxic stress acknowledges a spectrum of potential adversities and reaffirms the benefits of an ecobiodevelopmental model for understanding the childhood origins of adult-manifested disease and wellness. It also endorses a paradigm shift toward relational health because SSNRs not only buffer childhood adversity when it occurs but also promote the capacities needed to be resilient in the future. To translate this relational health framework into clinical practice, generative research, and public policy, the entire pediatric community needs to adopt a public health approach that builds relational health by partnering with families and communities. This public health approach to relational health needs to be integrated both vertically (by including primary, secondary, and tertiary preventions) and horizontally (by including public service sectors beyond health care). The American Academy of Pediatrics asserts that SSNRs are biological necessities for all children because they mitigate childhood toxic stress responses and proactively build resilience by fostering the adaptive skills needed to cope with future adversity in a healthy manner.

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Section: Primary Preventions In the Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Childhood Toxic Stress: Partnering With Families and Communities to Promote Relational Health

2021

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“…Community violence has been defined as instances or threats of interpersonal harm within one's neighborhood or community (Kennedy & Ceballo, ), and has been associated with short‐term emotional and behavioral challenges, as well with long‐term mental health problems and financial instability (see Overstreet, for a review). Extensive research primarily from urban areas within the United States suggests that community violence has a particularly strong effect on adolescent externalizing behaviors, including aggression, delinquency, and substance use (James, Donnelly, Brooks‐Gunn, & McLanahan, ; Tache, Lambert, Ganiban, & Ialongo, ; Taylor et al., ; Taylor & Kliewer, ). In Colombia, Chaux, Arboleda, and Rincón () found that witnessing community violence and exposure to gangs was directly associated with higher adolescent aggressive behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive School Climate as a Moderator of Violence Exposure for Colombian Adolescents

Gaias

Johnson

White

et al. 2019

American J of Comm Psychol

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Highlights• Community violence witnessing and victimization are associated with externalizing behaviors.• Armed conflict exposure is associated with externalizing behaviors and developmental competence.• School safety, connectedness, and services moderate relation between witnessing and externalizing.• School services moderates relation between victimization and competence.• School climate has implications for mitigating the effects of violence exposure for adolescents.Abstract In Colombia, many adolescents have experienced violence related to the decades-long armed conflict in the country and have witnessed or been directly victimized by violence in their communities, often related to gang activity or drug trafficking. Exposure to violence, both political and community violence, has detrimental implications for adolescent development. This study used data from 1857 Colombian adolescents in an urban setting. We aim to understand the relations between exposure to violence and adolescent outcomes, both externalizing behaviors and developmental competence, and then to understand whether school climate (i.e., safety, connectedness, services) moderates these relations. Results demonstrate that armed conflict, community violence victimization, and witnessing community violence are positively associated with externalizing behaviors, but only armed conflict is negatively associated with developmental competence. School safety, connectedness, and services moderate the relation between community violence witnessing and externalizing behaviors. School services moderates the relation between community violence victimization and developmental competence. As students perceived more positive school climate, the effects of community violence exposure on outcomes were weakened. This study identifies potential levers for intervention regarding how schools can better support violence-affected youth through enhancements to school safety, connectedness, and services.

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“…A research study conducted with Irish children and adolescents showed that adverse experiences in childhood and low income predict, independently, the risk of obesity at the beginning of adolescence 6 . In contrast, American researchers did not identify any association between exposure to violence in childhood and excess weight in adolescence 7 . There is still no consensus in the literature about the relationship between violence in childhood and increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI) among adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…There is still no consensus in the literature about the relationship between violence in childhood and increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI) among adolescents. In addition to that, publications on the theme are mostly international [6][7] , the conduction of studies with Brazilian adolescents that may contribute to clarifying the theme thus becoming imperious. Therefore, this research aims to answer the following question: is there any association between violence in childhood and increase in the BMI during adolescence?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Violence in Childhood and Increase in the Body Mass Index Among Adolescents

Coelho

Soares

Carvalho

et al. 2021

Texto contexto - enferm.

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Objective: to analyze the association between violence in childhood and increase in the Body Mass Index among adolescents. Method: a cross-sectional study, conducted with 136 adolescents aged from 10 to 19 years old, monitored by a Multiprofessional Residency Program in Adolescents' Health, in health units from the municipality of Divinópolis-MG. The anthropometric assessment was conducted from March to June 2018; and information was collected referring to the socioeconomic level, demographic factors, food consumption, and physical activity of the participants. The variable related to violence in childhood was composed of five groups, obtained from a factorial analysis. Multiple regression models were used to identify the variables associated with the increase in Body Mass Index, with a significance level of 5%. Results: the prevalence of excess weight was 31.8%. The adolescents participating in the study consumed soft drinks (66.2%) and industrialized food products (66.9%) every week and ate in front of the TV every day (54.4%). The most prevalent type of abuse was emotional neglect, which affected 100% of the sample under study. An association was evidenced of physical neglect in childhood and intake of industrialized food products with the increase in the Body Mass Index z-score. Conclusion: violence in childhood and the consumption of industrialized food products were associated to the increase in Body Mass Index among adolescents. Investments in public policies for comprehensive promotion of health and protection of children and adolescents are imperious.

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Links Between Childhood Exposure to Violent Contexts and Risky Adolescent Health Behaviors

Abstract: Childhood exposure to violent contexts is associated with risky adolescent health behaviors, but the associations are context and behavior specific. After including covariates, we find no association between childhood exposure to violent contexts and obesity risk behavior.

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Preventing Childhood Toxic Stress: Partnering With Families and Communities to Promote Relational Health

Preventing Childhood Toxic Stress: Partnering With Families and Communities to Promote Relational Health

Positive School Climate as a Moderator of Violence Exposure for Colombian Adolescents

Association Between Violence in Childhood and Increase in the Body Mass Index Among Adolescents

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