Lions, and Tigers, and Implicit Measures, Oh My! Implicit Assessment and the Valence vs. Threat Distinction

March, David S.; Olson, Michael A.; Gaertner, Lowell

doi:10.1521/soco.2020.38.supp.s154

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Anti-Black bias in shooter-type tasks is hypothesized to be driven by stereotypes linking Black Americans to danger and weapons (Correll et al, 2007 , 2015 ; March et al, 2020 , 2021 ). Black-threat stereotypes are pervasive in the USA, as evidenced by trait ratings linking Blacks to criminality, hostility, and violence (Devine & Elliot, 1995 ).…”

Section: Danger Associations and The Police-civilian Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White civilians’ implicit danger evaluation of police officers underlies explicit perception of police

Olivett

March

2021

Cogn. Research

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The role of implicit processes during police-civilian encounters is well studied from the perspective of the police. Decades of research on the “shooter bias” suggests that implicit Black-danger associations potentiate the perception of threat of Black individuals, leading to a racial bias in the decision to use lethal force. Left understudied are civilians’ possible associations of police with danger and how such associations pervade behavior and explicit views of the police. The current work begins to address this gap. In two within-subjects studies, we separately assess police-threat (i.e., safety/danger) and police-valence (i.e., good/bad) associations as well as their relative influences on explicit perceptions of police. Study 1 revealed that implicit threat evaluations (police-danger associations) more strongly predicted negative explicit views of the police compared to implicit valence evaluations (police-negative associations). Study 2 replicated these findings and suggests that individuals evaluate the police as more dangerous versus negative when each response is pitted against each other within single misattribution procedure trials. The possible implications for explicit attitudes toward police reform and behavior during police-civilian encounters are discussed.

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Section: Danger Associations and The Police-civilian Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White civilians’ implicit danger evaluation of police officers underlies explicit perception of police

Olivett

March

2021

Cogn. Research

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“…Consequently, situations surrounding shoot decisions should relate more closely to measures of threat-related stereotypes (cf. March, Olson, & Gaertner, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial bias in police traffic stops: White residents' county-level prejudice and stereotypes are related to disproportionate stopping of Black drivers

Stelter¹,

Essien²,

Sander³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Racial disparities in policing are well documented, but the reasons for such disparities are often debated. The current research weighs in on this debate using a regional-level bias framework: We investigate the link between racial disparities in police traffic stops and regional-level racial bias, employing data from over 130 million police traffic stops in 1,413 US counties and county-level measures of racial bias from over 2 million online participants. Compared to county demographics, Black drivers were stopped at disproportionate rates in the majority of counties. Crucially, disproportionate stopping of Black drivers was higher in counties with higher levels of racial prejudice by White residents (rs = 0.07 -0.36). Furthermore, county-level aggregates of Whites’ threat-related stereotypes were less consistent in predicting disproportionate stopping (rs = 0.00 -0.19). These observed relationships between regional-level bias and racial disparities in policing highlight the importance of context in which police operate.

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“…Instead, elevated SMP scores might only reflect overall negative attitudes towards immigrants. As threat denotes more than just negative valence of a stimulus (see March et al, 2020), it seems necessary to disentangle threat and valence elicited by the primes. With these limitations in mind, a second study was conducted to reassess the findings of Study 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between right‐wing attitudes, conspiracy beliefs, and intergroup threat: Introducing an indirect measure for intergroup threat

Krüppel

Yoon

Fieg

et al. 2021

J Theo Social Psycho

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Extreme political attitudes have gained more and more scientific attention with the advent of populist parties in many Western countries (see Lewis et al., 2018). Whereas many researchers suggested either societal (e.g., Neumann, 2017) or individual risk factors for radicalization leading to extremism (for an overview, see Borum, 2014), the present study builds on recent models that emphasize the importance of person-situation interactions (e.g., Kruglanski et al., 2014) and sheds light on one individual difference variable that can both be affected by and affect social interactions:The individual propensity to perceive threat to one's own social identity (see Stürmer et al., 2019).Intergroup Threat Theory (ITT; Stephan et al., 2016;Stephan & Stephan, 2000) postulates an individual ingroup favoritism resulting from the benefits that a social group offers to a person, such as social support, a sense of belonging, or a set of common norms and values (e.g., Everett et al., 2015). Therefore, outgroups are often perceived as a threat to one's own ingroup. According to Stephan et al. (2016), this intergroup threat (IT) can be either realistic or symbolic (i.e., calling into question the ideology or belief system of the ingroup) and affect the individual itself as well as the group

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Lions, and Tigers, and Implicit Measures, Oh My! Implicit Assessment and the Valence vs. Threat Distinction

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

White civilians’ implicit danger evaluation of police officers underlies explicit perception of police

White civilians’ implicit danger evaluation of police officers underlies explicit perception of police

Racial bias in police traffic stops: White residents' county-level prejudice and stereotypes are related to disproportionate stopping of Black drivers

On the relationship between right‐wing attitudes, conspiracy beliefs, and intergroup threat: Introducing an indirect measure for intergroup threat

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