Lip Morphological Changes in Orthodontic Treatment

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the morphological changes in the lips and to determine the degree of improvement in the smile after orthodontic treatment for Class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: The sample subjects were divided into two groups: a group that consisted of 20 adult female patients with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion and a control group that consisted of 28 adult female volunteers with normal occlusion. Frontal photographs were taken before and after orthodontic treatment, and 35 landmarks were placed on each tracing made from the photograph. Thereafter, landmarks were digitized into an x-and y-coordinate system with the subnasal point as the origin. The comparisons between pretreatment and posttreatment at rest and on smiling, and the comparisons between Class II division 1 and control group were made using Student's t-test. Results: Both the upper and lower lips in the smile of patients in the Class II division 1 pretreatment group were positioned downward, and the upward movement of the upper lip and mouth corners was smaller in comparison with the control group. These characteristics of the Class II smile improved after orthodontic treatment, but the differences with the control group remained unchanged immediately after treatment. Conclusion:The soft tissue morphology shows a relative improvement after orthodontic treatment.

Lip Morphological Changes and Differences before and after Orthodontic Treatment

“…In addition, these photographs are usually available in the orthodontic office, and they are rated as more attractive than the profile views. However, the present study revealed that there were significant differences of the coordinates of landmarks at rest and on smiling between the Class II and Class III patient group., and they were similar to the result in the previous study 11,[13][14][15] .…”

“…Next, another line was drawn parallel to the x-axis through the lower border of the chin, and the x-axis to the lower border of the chin was divided into two equal halves. Then, two vertical lines were drawn through the right and left superior vermilion point (9,11). From the superior vermilion point of the lip to the corners of the mouth both the right (6) and left (14) sides were divided into three equal parts.…”

“…Then, two vertical lines were drawn through the right and left superior vermilion point (9,11). From the superior vermilion point of the lip to the corners of the mouth both the right (6) and left (14) sides were divided into three equal parts. Every landmark was digitized into x-and y-coordinate values, and a statistical analysis was performed using these values.…”

“…The surgical treatments were performed with either SSRO (17 patients) or IVRO (13 patients) without genioplasty surgery, twenty-five subjects were treated with tooth extraction and five subjects were treated without extraction ( The photographic procedure was described previously 11 . The frontal photographs of the patients were taken at the two stages of the start of the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment and the immediately after post-surgical treatment in a normal seated posture with the head fixed by ear rods, at a distance of 1.5 m between the camera lens and the subject at rest and posed smiling condition.…”

Effects of vermilion height on lip esthetics in Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients

“…For the lower lip, we set the average vermilion height as 12.2 mm at the labrale inferius. 17 This image was modified using Adobe Photoshop CS4 (San Jose, Calif) to create an accurate average vermilion height and bilaterally symmetrical lips. Vermilion heights were modified by increasing or decreasing the vermilion height in 1.0-mm increments from 23.0 mm to 3.0 mm with reference to the average vermilion height.…”