Lipectomy associated to obesity produces greater fat accumulation in the visceral white adipose tissue of female compared to male rats

Abstract

BackgroundMobility of fat deposited in adipocytes among different fatty territories can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. Our goal was to investigate which of the remaining fat pads assume the role of accumulating lipids after surgical removal of parietal WAT (lipectomy; LIPEC) in rats of both sexes displaying MSG-induced obesity.MethodsThe animals entered the study straight after birth, being separated according to gender and randomly divided into CON (control, saline-treated) and MSG (monosodium glutamate-treated) groups. Next, the animals underwent LIPEC or sham-operated surgery (SHAM). Obesity was induced by the injection of MSG (4 mg/g/day) during neonatal stage (2nd to 11th day from birth). LIPEC was performed on the 12th week, consisting in the withdrawal of parietal WAT. On the 16th week, the following WATs were isolated and collected: peri-epididymal-WAT (EP-WAT); parametrial-WAT (PM-WAT); omental-WAT (OM-WAT); perirenal-WAT (PR-WAT) and retroperitoneal-WAT (RP-WAT).ResultsThe adiposity index was significantly increased in both male (3.2 ± 0.2** vs 1.8 ± 0.1) and female (4.9 ± 0.7* vs 2.6 ± 0.3) obese rats compared to their respective control groups. LIPEC in obese animals produced fat accumulation in visceral fat sites in a more accentuated manner in female (3.6 ± 0.3** vs 2.8 ± 0.3 g/100 g) rather than in male (1.8 ± 0.2* vs 1.5 ± 0.1 g/100 g) rats compared to obese non-lipectomized animals. Among the visceral WATs, the greater differences were observed between gonadal WATs of obese lipectomized rats, with higher accumulation having been observed in PM-WAT (2.8 ± 0.3* vs 2.1 ± 0.2 g/100 g) rather than in EP-WAT (1.0 ± 0.1 ± 0.9 ± 0.1 g/100 g) when compared to obese non-lipectomized animals.ConclusionsThe results of the present study led us to conclude that obesity induced by MSG treatment occurs differently in male and female rats. When associated with parietal LIPEC, there was a significant increase in the deposition of visceral fat, which was significantly higher in obese female rats than in males, indicating that fat mobility among WATs in lipectomized-obese rats can occur more expressively in particular sites of remaining WATs.

Intraoperative Bioprinting of Human Adipose-derived Stem cells and Extra-cellular Matrix Induces Hair Follicle-Like Downgrowths and Adipose Tissue Formation during Full-thickness Craniomaxillofacial Skin Reconstruction

“…Herein, we demonstrated IOB for the reconstruction of full-thickness skin defects in the CMF zone of 10-12 weeks old female immune-deficient rats. To demonstrate adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs into adipocytes and formation of an adipose layer, we used female rats as they possess a substantial fat component in their skin compared to their male counterparts [43]. In accordance with the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) [44], we opted to have three defects per animal thereby reducing the overall number of rats used, concurrently ensuring sufficient distance between defects for clear analysis.…”

“…Herein, we demonstrated IOB for the reconstruction of full-thickness skin defects in the 5 CMF zone of 10-12 weeks old female immune-deficient rats. To demonstrate adipogenic 6 differentiation of ADSCs into adipocytes and formation of an adipose layer, we used female rats 7 as they possess a substantial fat component in their skin compared to their male counterparts [43]. 8…”

Failure of subcutaneous lipectomy to combat metabolic dysregulations in ovariectomy-induced obesity in young female rats

“…In this context, partial lipectomy was found to increase lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation in non-excised depots in a model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment [ 25 ]. Recently, though using the same model of obesity (i.e., MSG treatment), lipectomy in obese animals resulted in significantly higher visceral fat accumulation in female than in male rats, pointing to a gender-dependent difference [ 47 ]. In another study, the effect of partial lipectomy on high fat diet-induced obesity in rats was evaluated.…”