Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein profiles in active and sedentary men with tetraplegia

Dallmeijer, Annet J.; Hopman, Maria T. E.; Woude, L. H. V. van der

doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90327-0

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Expressed as weight (kg) divided by height (m 2 ), BMI allows classification of able-bodied adults as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese, using the World Health Organization criteria in Table 2. 12 Mean BMI values in studies of persons with long-standing SCI range from 20 to 27, 5,6,10,[13][14][15][16][17][18] consistent with the classifications of normal and overweight, but inconsistent with classification based on measured percent fat mass. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] One reason for the underestimation of obesity using BMI may be the potential measurement error associated with determination of weight and/or height in persons with SCI.…”

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi) As a Marker Of Obesity In Chronic Scimentioning

confidence: 92%

“…20 Despite this, recalled height has been used in a number of studies reporting BMI in subjects with chronic SCI. 5,16,17 An alternative is to measure length. Jones et al 21 reported the Pearson's correlation coefficient for height (measured by wall-mounted stadiometer) versus length (by the electronic ruler function of DXA) to be 0.996 (P ¼ 0.0001).…”

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi) As a Marker Of Obesity In Chronic Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BMI in other studies of persons with SCI has been found to explain 5-29% of the variance in lipid parameters. [16][17][18] The variable relationship between BMI and CHD risk factors in the SCI population may be due to the potential measurement error associated with BMI, the insensitivity of body weight in distinguishing fat mass from fat-free mass, and the lack of information conveyed by BMI regarding body fat distribution. Abdominal obesity, specifically visceral adipose tissue, is an independent risk factor for CHD in able-bodied populations.…”

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi) As a Marker Of Obesity In Chronic Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of body mass index and waist circumference as markers of obesity and coronary heart disease risk in persons with chronic spinal cord injury

2005

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Study design: Literature review. Background: Increased fat mass and coronary heart disease (CHD) are secondary complications of chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). In able-bodied populations, body mass index (BMI, body weight (kg)/height (m 2 )) is a widely used surrogate marker of obesity and predictor of CHD risk. Waist circumference, an accurate and reproducible surrogate measure of abdominal visceral adipose tissue, is also associated with CHD risk (more so than BMI) in able-bodied populations. Objective: To review the literature on the accuracy of BMI and waist circumference as surrogate measures of obesity and CHD risk in persons with chronic SCI. Setting: Ontario, Canada. Methods: Literature review. Results: In the SCI population, BMI is an insensitive marker of obesity, explains less of the variance in measured percent fat mass than in the able-bodied, and is inconsistently related to CHD risk factors. This may be due to potential measurement error, and to the inability of BMI to distinguish between fat and fat-free mass and to measure body fat distribution. Waist circumference has not been validated as a surrogate measure of visceral adipose tissue, however preliminary evidence supports a relationship between waist circumference and CHD risk in the SCI population. Conclusions: We recommend that SCI-specific BMI classifications be determined. We also recommend that accuracy and reliability of waist circumference as a surrogate measure of visceral adipose tissue and CHD risk be determined in men and women with long-standing paraplegia and tetraplegia. Body mass index (BMI) as a marker of obesity in chronic SCIObesity is defined as an excess accumulation of fat mass. Able-bodied men and women p40 years are considered obese when fat mass exceeds 22-25 and 35% of body weight, respectively. 1,2 As individuals age, fat mass accrues at the expense of fat-free mass, so that at older ages percentage fat mass is higher, even in individuals who do not gain weight. 3 Thus, obesity in 41-60-yearold able-bodied men and women can be defined as a fat mass 425 and 438% of body weight, respectively. 2 Mean percent fat mass (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), isotope dilution or the threecompartment model) reported in cross-sectional studies of persons (mostly men) with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) ranges from 23 to 35%. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The percentage of body weight as fat mass is 8-18% higher in SCI versus age-, height-and/or weight-matched able-bodied control subjects. These values are often consistent with the above definitions of obesity, and are summarized in Table 1. Accurate classification of an individual as normal weight, overweight or obese requires measurement of body composition. However, measuring fat mass can be difficult and expensive, and no accurate method is easily available for routine clinical use. Therefore, the body mass index (BMI) is widely used. Expressed as weight (kg) divided by height (m 2 ), BMI allows classification of able-bodied adults as underweight, normal we...

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Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi) As a Marker Of Obesity In Chronic Scimentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi) As a Marker Of Obesity In Chronic Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Mass Index (Bmi) As a Marker Of Obesity In Chronic Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of body mass index and waist circumference as markers of obesity and coronary heart disease risk in persons with chronic spinal cord injury

2005

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“…13,14 The e ect of physical activity on the lipid and (apo)lipoprotein pro®les in persons with SCI has, until now, only been investigated in a cross-sectional set-up. 4,5,9,10,15 More favorable risk pro®les were reported in wheelchair athletes 4,5 and moderately active subjects with tetraplegia, 9 in comparison with their sedentary counterparts. Janssen et al 10 found a positive relationship between hours sport participation per week and more favorable values of risk pro®le parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…11,12 Many authors suggested that the low HDL-C concentrations, and concomitant depressed levels of apolipoprotein-A1, in persons with SCI are the consequence of extremely low levels of physical activity, mainly resulting from their wheelchair dependent life. 4,5,7,9 Previous studies indeed showed that physical strain in daily life of persons with SCI was too low to maintain or improve physical ®tness. 13,14 The e ect of physical activity on the lipid and (apo)lipoprotein pro®les in persons with SCI has, until now, only been investigated in a cross-sectional set-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in persons with spinal cord injuries during the first 2 years post-injury

et al. 1999

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Objective: To investigate changes in lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein pro®les in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) during the ®rst 2 years post-injury, and to determine whether changes in risk pro®les were associated with sport activity and/or changes in physical capacity parameters. Design: Risk pro®les and physical capacity were investigated in 19 subjects with recent SCI during rehabilitation (t1) and +1 year after discharge from rehabilitation (t2). Main outcome measures: Changes in total plasma cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein-A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein-B (ApoB) concentrations, the ratios TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, ApoA1/ApoB and HDL-C/ApoA1, and physical capacity (maximal isometric strength, sprint power output, maximal power output, aerobic power). Results: Risk pro®le parameters changed towards more favorable values at t2, except for HDL-C (P=0.06), TG and HDL-C/ApoA1. Sport activity and changes of the physical capacity were the most important determinants of changes in lipid and (apo)lipoprotein pro®les, showing more favorable values with larger increases of the physical capacity and in persons who were physically active. Conclusion: Results show that the lipid and (apo)lipoprotein pro®les improve in persons with SCI during the ®rst 2 years post-injury, and that improving the physical capacity or being physically active can improve the lipid and (apo)lipoprotein pro®les.

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Risk factors for atherogenesis in children with spina bifida

Rendeli¹,

Castorina²,

Ausili³

et al. 2004

Child's Nervous System

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Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein profiles in active and sedentary men with tetraplegia

Cited by 52 publications

References 23 publications

A review of body mass index and waist circumference as markers of obesity and coronary heart disease risk in persons with chronic spinal cord injury

A review of body mass index and waist circumference as markers of obesity and coronary heart disease risk in persons with chronic spinal cord injury

Changes in lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in persons with spinal cord injuries during the first 2 years post-injury

Risk factors for atherogenesis in children with spina bifida

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