Lipid-lowering effect of Phyllanthus embilica and Alpinia galanga extracts on HepG2 cell line

Tirawanchai, Napatara; Homongkol, Preeyanut; Chansriniyom, Chaisak; Somkasetrin, Anchaleekorn; Jantaravinid, Jiraporn; Kengkoom, Kanchana; Ampawong, Sumate

doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100153

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in endogenous cholesterol synthesis, the 3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) (32). Statins possess a similar structure as HMGCR which competitively inhibits the enzyme results in decrease cholesterol levels in cells (33). We postulated that RA exerts similar biochemical and physiological effects as statins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also demonstrated that RA decreased the expression of HMGCR and its transcription product, the HMGCR enzyme. Inhibition of the enzyme results in alleviated intracellular cholesterol levels which initiate the proteolytic activation of SREBP-2 (33). The activation of SREBP-2 initiates the transcription of the LDLR gene results in increased expression of LDLR on the cell surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation of SREBP-2 initiates the transcription of the LDLR gene results in increased expression of LDLR on the cell surface. LDLR gene encodes the genetic information required for LDLR synthesis involved in cellular uptake of circulating LDLC (33,40). The regulation of LDLC is important in providing balance cholesterol homeostasis necessary to prevent certain cardiovascular diseases development (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rebaudioside A Enhances LDL Cholesterol Uptake in HepG2 Cells via Suppression of HMGCR Expression

et al. 2021

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Background: Rebaudioside A is one of the major diterpene glycosides found in Stevia had been reported to possess anti-hyperlipidemic effects. In this study, we explore the potential cholesterol-regulating mechanisms of Rebaudioside A in the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line in comparison with simvastatin. Methods: Cells were incubated with Rebaudioside A at several concentrations (0-10 µM) to determine the cytotoxicity by the MTT assay. Cells were treated with selected dosage (1 and 5 µM) in further experiments. Total cellular lipid was extracted by Bligh and Dyer method and subjected to quantitative colorimetric assay. To illustrate the effect of Rebaudioside A on cellular lipid droplets and low-density lipoprotein receptors, treated cells were subjected to immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, we investigated the expression of experimental gene patterns of cells in response to treatment. Results: In this study, cytotoxicity of Rebaudioside A was determined at 27.72 µM. Treatment of cells with a higher concentration of Rebaudioside A promotes better hepatocellular cholesterol internalization and ameliorates cholesterol-regulating genes such as HMGCR, LDLR, and ACAT2. Conclusions:In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Rebaudioside A is capable to regulate cholesterol levels in HepG2 cells. Hence, we proposed that Rebaudioside A offers a potential alternative to statins for atherosclerosis therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rebaudioside A Enhances LDL Cholesterol Uptake in HepG2 Cells via Suppression of HMGCR Expression

et al. 2021

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“…Pharmacodynamic of statin involves the inhibition of de novo cholesterol synthesis by competitively blocking HMG-CoA reductase. This rate-limiting enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, the initial step in cholesterol production (Tirawanchai et al, 2019). Apart from suppressing hepatic cholesterol synthesis, statins aid in the upregulation of hepatocellular LDL-r resulting in scaling down the LDL-cholesterol level (Funatsu et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous in-vitro studies have proven that plant-based medicine derived from Fragaria x *Author for correspondence: Mokrish Ajat, Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Email -mokrish@upm.edu.my ananassa (strawberry), Alpinia galangal (galangal), Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry), and Ficus carica (common fig) exert anti-hyperlipidemic property to alleviate both cholesterol and triglycerides serum levels (Atyabi et al, 2015;Forbes-Hernández et al, 2017;Tirawanchai et al, 2019). Apart from that, plant-derived components provide antioxidant property capable to neutralize free radicals preventing oxidative damage in the body (Shukla et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stevia: limiting cholesterol synthesis in Hep-G2 cells

Ilias

Hamzah

Ismail

et al. 2020

APJMBB

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As of today, no literature has been reported on the efficacy of stevia on lipid regulations conducted in vitro. Thus, the current study was focusing on the potential of Stevia rebaudiana bertoni as an anti-hypercholesterolemia substitute in limiting the de novo cholesterol synthesis in Hep-G2 cell line. The cytotoxicity and lipid internalization effects of stevia on Hep-G2 cells were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively in this study. As evaluated by MTT assay, commercialized stevia (0.5-20.0 mg/ml) and stevioside (1.0-10 µM) inhibited Hep-G2 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner for 24 hours. IC50 was detected at 8.68 mg/ml (commercialized stevia) and 10.91 µM (stevioside). From the assay, suitable concentrations were chosen to study the effect of stevia on cholesterol internalization in Hep-G2 cells supplemented with exogenous lipids. Cholesterol quantification assay revealed that high concentration commercialized stevia and stevioside promoted significant cholesterol internalized in Hep-G2 cells as compared to simvastatin. Finally, immunofluorescent microscopy assessment was done to qualitatively observe the formation of lipid droplets and low-density lipoprotein receptor in relation to total cholesterol extracted. The microphotographs of immunofluorescent microscopy were in parallel to results obtained from the cholesterol quantification assay which further revealed the effect of stevia as a potential anti-hypercholesterolemia agent.

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