Lipid peroxidation and trace element status in diabetic ketotic patients: influence of insulin therapy

Abstract

Lipid peroxidation is known to accelerate aging and microvascular lesions in diabetic patients. We studied the acute influence of improved glycemic control on the concentrations of plasma lipid peroxidation intermediates [malondialdehydes (MDA), organic hydroperoxides (OHP)] in ketotic insulin-dependent diabetic patients, as well as the interplay of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), and trace elements (Zn, Se, Cu) postulated to be involved in free radical protection. These plasma components were measured on the first day of hospitalization (T0) and when the patient had attained a stable glycemic state after continuous insulin treatment (T1). Plasma MDA and OHP concentrations were high at the beginning of the study but approached reference values after glycemic equilibration. Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased during the ketotic state, but also approached reference values with glycemic equilibration. Plasma selenium concentrations and GPX activity were relatively unchanged between T0 and T1. Erythrocyte GPX activity measured at T1 in six patients was below the reference values, whereas CuZn-SOD activity was not affected. Our results show that enhanced lipid peroxidation is associated with decreased zinc plasma concentrations in ketotic patients and underline the beneficial effects of continuous insulin infusion. The mechanisms involved are still unclear but may indicate the importance of extracellular zinc transfer secondary to glycemic disorders.

Lipid peroxidation and vitamin E status in gestational diabetes mellitus

“…It has been shown by Faure et al . that several antioxidants which were at abnormal levels in poorly‐controlled diabetic patients returned to normal following an improvement in the control of the diabetes 21 …”

Selenium supplementation decreases nuclear factor‐kappa B activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients

“…This indicates that the selenium status of the patients was not optimum to maintain a good Se GSH px activity or that plasma selenium is not a good marker of selenium status in diabetic patients. Indeed the occurrence of an oxidative stress in diabetic subjects is related to the imbalance of the metabolic control as we have previously shown [20]. Therefore the question arises whether, in diabetic patients with good, if not perfect, metabolic control, selenium supplementation and the observed subsequent decrease of NF-κB binding activity could have a beneficial effect in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.…”

Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in diabetic pregnancy

“…Noberasco et al (1 991) reported a positive correlation between lipid peroxidation and markers of glycaemic control, with no increase in peroxidation in subjects with near normal HbAlc levels. Faure et al (1993) reported that several antioxidants which were abnormal in poorly controlled diabetic subjects returned to normal following an improvement in diabetic control, and Armstrong et al (1996) reported an improvement in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status following 3 months of dietary treatment in newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes. All of the diabetic mothers in the present study were attending a hospital diabetic clinic before their pregnancy and received detailed dietary advice.…”