Lipid profile of adult Nigerians attending medical outpatient clinic of Baptist medical center Ogbomoso

Abstract

Background: Economic development and urbanization in many developing countries has led to a nutritional transition characterized by a shift to a higher caloric content of diet and/or to the reduction of physical activity, and whose consequences are changes in the body composition of the individuals and elevated blood lipid levels. This study's aim was to determine the lipid profile and to determine if there is any association between lipid profile and abdominal obesity among adults attending the outpatient clinic at the Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso, a semi urban environment. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 400 adults aged 18 years and above was carried out. Participants were administered a standardized questionnaire and had measurements of waist circumference and serum lipids taken. Results: Four hundred subjects were randomly selected (221 females and 179 males) with a mean age of 48.65 ± 16.56 years. The mean total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were 3.78 ± 1.07 mmol/L, 1.18 ± 1.02 mmol/L, 0.97 ± 0.58 mmol/L and 2.15 ± 0.86 mmol/L respectively. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among the study population was 33.75%. The subjects who had abdominal obesity had the highest mean values for total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. The mean values of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol obtained among the physically inactive subjects were higher than those of the subjects who were physically active. Conclusion: Higher mean values for total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDLcholesterol were found among the subjects who had abdominal obesity and those who were physically inactive in Ogbomoso.

Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Although the management of elevated blood cholesterol and other cardiovascular risks may be complex at the country level 1 , the challenges are worsened in Nigeria due to poor understanding of the burden, limited research, varying guidelines, complex prescriptions, and several health system challenges 1 . Across many health centres, hypercholesterolemia is an incidental clinical finding, and patients appear to be unwilling to incur high out-of-pocket expenses on lipid-lowering therapy as part of the management of other ailments 5,6,47 . Clinicians have advocated for more awareness and government response to complement treatment efforts 5,47 Our study has some limitations.…”

“…Across many health centres, hypercholesterolemia is an incidental clinical finding, and patients appear to be unwilling to incur high out-of-pocket expenses on lipid-lowering therapy as part of the management of other ailments 5,6,47 . Clinicians have advocated for more awareness and government response to complement treatment efforts 5,47 Our study has some limitations. First, there was a limited number of epidemiologic reports on high blood lipids in Nigeria, and studies appear to be poorly conducted, with only five studies rated as high quality.…”

“…), and case ascertainment (was it based on standard diagnostic criteria, unspecified clinical criteria, informant interviews, or not reported?). Studies were graded as high (4)(5), moderate (2)(3), or low quality (0-1) (see Tables 2 and 3, for details of all full-text manuscripts accessed and quality grading).…”

“…The rising burden of hypercholesterolemia in Nigeria corresponds with increasing rates of unhealthy diets and lifestyles in the population. A key driver of this is urbanization, and the corresponding expansion of processed food outlets in the country 4,5 . Further, reports suggest that major cooking oils in the country are high in saturated fats, and these are often unbranded or content not displayed 6 .…”

Predictors of weight reduction in a Nigerian family practice setting

“…The interviewer administered the questionnaire, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were done. For the Fasting Lipid Profile tests, the participants were told to fast overnight for 12–14 hours 37 and have their blood samples collected the following day. An EDTA bottle was used to collect the blood samples.…”