Lipidomic Profiles in Diabetes and Dementia

Abstract

Lipids are a diverse class of hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules which make up the bulk of most biological systems and are essential for human life. The role of lipids in health and disease has been recognized for many decades, as evidenced by the early identification of cholesterol as an important risk factor of heart disease and the development and introduction of statins as a one of the most successful therapeutic interventions to date. While several studies have demonstrated an increased risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), in those with diabetes mellitus, the nature of this risk is not well understood. Recent developments in the field of lipidomics, driven primarily by technological advances in high pressure liquid chromatography and particularly mass spectrometry, have enabled the detailed characterization of the many hundreds of individual lipid species in mammalian systems and their association with disease states. Diabetes mellitus and AD have received particular attention due to their prominence in Western societies as a result of the ongoing obesity epidemic and the aging populations. In this review, we examine how these lipidomic studies are informing on the relationship between lipid metabolism with diabetes and AD and how this may inform on the common pathological pathways that link diabetes risk with dementia.

Plasma Lipidomic Profiling and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the PREDIMED Trial

“…Similarly to LP, we also found that PC-PLs were inversely related to T2D risk. Plasmalogens have been widely investigated because of their role as endogenous antioxidants, limiting the oxidation of other lipids (7,22). They may also decrease the risk of T2D through other beneficial mechanisms, such as antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions (7).…”

“…molecular lipid species play in T2D development remains unclear. Hypercaloric and low-quality diets also contribute to T2D by leading to an excess of fat depositions, which is enhanced by insulin resistance, resulting in lipotoxicity (7). Lipidomics may help to clarify the biological mechanisms underlying the link between dyslipidemia, nutrition, and T2D.…”

Lipidomics Reveals a Tissue-Specific Fingerprint

“…Thus, a large number of human pathologies are linked to alterations of lipid homeostasis including in addition to a number of genetic disorders (Hobbs et al, 1992), common diseases such as obesity and diabetes (Huynh et al, 2017), cardiovascular disease (Kolovou et al, 2015), cancer (Yang and Han, 2016), and neurodegenerative disease (Naudí et al, 2015; Huynh et al, 2017), among others.…”

High-throughput liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry-driven lipidomics discover metabolic biomarkers and pathways as promising targets to reveal the therapeutic effects of the Shenqi pill

“…[12][13][14] This high-throughput method and process enable us to obtain the metabolism information by means of quantifying changes in individual lipid species that reect metabolic differences, even provides favorable conditions for the diagnosis of diseases. 15,16 Studies have shown that more and more diseases are associated with lipid metabolism disorders, such as hypertension, 17 kidney diseases, 18 diabetes, 19,20 hepatopathy, 21 and other diseases.…”