Lipochito-Oligosaccharide Nodulation Factors Stimulate Cytoplasmic Polarity with Longitudinal Endoplasmic Reticulum and Vesicles at the Tip in Vetch Root Hairs

Miller, Deborah; Klooster, H.B. Leferink-ten; Emons, A.M.C.

doi:10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.12.1385

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Cells elongating by tip growth are known to contain two specific zones of cytoplasm in the tip (Review: Geitmann and Emons 2000), a zone with vesicles at the very tip, and a zone with longitudinal ER, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, plastids and other small organelles in the subapex with the nucleus at the base of the subapex (Miller et al 2000). However, in flax, it was found that organelles such as plastids and mitochondria moved to the very tip of the fiber (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type

Ageeva

Petrovská

Kieft

et al. 2005

Planta

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Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) phloem fibers elongate considerably during their development and intrude between existing cells. We questioned whether fiber elongation is caused by cell tip growth or intercalary growth. Cells with tip growth are characterized by having two specific zones of cytoplasm in the cell tip, one with vesicles and no large organelles at the very tip and one with various organelles amongst others longitudinally arranged cortical microtubules in the subapex. Such zones were not observed in elongating flax fibers. Instead, organelles moved into the very tip region, and cortical microtubules showed transversal and helical configurations as known for cells growing in intercalary way. In addition, pulse-chase experiments with Calcofluor White resulted in a spotted fluorescence in the cell wall all over the length of the fiber. Therefore, it is concluded that fiber elongation is not achieved by tip growth but by intercalary growth. The intrusively growing fiber is a coenocytic cell that has no plasmodesmata, making the fibers a symplastically isolated domain within the stem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type

Ageeva

Petrovská

Kieft

et al. 2005

Planta

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“…Tip growth proceeds, though at a low rate. From electron microscopy experiments, we know that the subapical region of legume root hairs contains longitudinal cisternae of the ER, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies (vetch : Miller et al, 2000). Actin labeling has shown the occurrence of subapical net-axial FB-actin (vetch: Miller et al, 1999).…”

Section: Function Of Emts In Cell Elongationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Microtubules Configure the Subapical Cytoplasm and Are Required for Fast Growth of Medicago truncatulaRoot Hairs

et al. 2002

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To investigate the configuration and function of microtubules (MTs) in tip-growing Medicago truncatularoot hairs, we used immunocytochemistry or in vivo decoration by a GFP linked to a MT-binding domain. The two approaches gave similar results and allowed the study of MTs during hair development. Cortical MTs (CMTs) are present in all developmental stages. During the transition from bulge to a tip-growing root hair, endoplasmic MTs (EMTs) appear at the tip of the young hair and remain there until growth arrest. EMTs are a specific feature of tip-growing hairs, forming a three-dimensional array throughout the subapical cytoplasmic dense region. During growth arrest, EMTs, together with the subapical cytoplasmic dense region, progressively disappear, whereas CMTs extend further toward the tip. In full-grown root hairs, CMTs, the only remaining population of MTs, converge at the tip and their density decreases over time. Upon treatment of growing hairs with 1 μm oryzalin, EMTs disappear, but CMTs remain present. The subapical cytoplasmic dense region becomes very short, the distance nucleus tip increases, growth slows down, and the nucleus still follows the advancing tip, though at a much larger distance. Taxol has no effect on the cytoarchitecture of growing hairs; the subapical cytoplasmic dense region remains intact, the nucleus keeps its distance from the tip, but growth rate drops to the same extent as in hairs treated with 1 μm oryzalin. The role of EMTs in growing root hairs is discussed.

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“…In addition to Ca 2+ spiking, Nod factor signaling elicits other epidermal responses in compatible host roots, such as membrane depolarization, ion fluxes across the membrane, and cytoskeleton rearrangements (Allen et al, 1994;Cá rdenas et al, 1998;Felle et al, 1998;Miller et al, 2000;Weerasinghe et al, 2005). In fact, one of the first cellular changes observed in root hairs responding to rhizobial inoculation or Nod factor application is an alteration in actin and microtubule organization (Cá rdenas et al, 1998;de Ruijter et al, 1999;Weerasinghe et al, 2003Weerasinghe et al, , 2005Vassileva et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearrangement of Actin Cytoskeleton Mediates Invasion ofLotus japonicusRoots byMesorhizobium loti

et al. 2009

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Infection thread-dependent invasion of legume roots by rhizobia leads to internalization of bacteria into the plant cells, which is one of the salient features of root nodule symbiosis. We found that two genes, Nap1 (for Nck-associated protein 1) and Pir1 (for 121F-specific p53 inducible RNA), involved in actin rearrangements were essential for infection thread formation and colonization of Lotus japonicus roots by its natural microsymbiont, Mesorhizobium loti. nap1 and pir1 mutants developed an excess of uncolonized nodule primordia, indicating that these two genes were not essential for the initiation of nodule organogenesis per se. However, both the formation and subsequent progression of infection threads into the root cortex were significantly impaired in these mutants. We demonstrate that these infection defects were due to disturbed actin cytoskeleton organization. Short root hairs of the mutants had mostly transverse or web-like actin filaments, while bundles of actin filaments in wild-type root hairs were predominantly longitudinal. Corroborating these observations, temporal and spatial differences in actin filament organization between wild-type and mutant root hairs were also observed after Nod factor treatment, while calcium influx and spiking appeared unperturbed. Together with various effects on plant growth and seed formation, the nap1 and pir1 alleles also conferred a characteristic distorted trichome phenotype, suggesting a more general role for Nap1 and Pir1 in processes establishing cell polarity or polar growth in L. japonicus.

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Lipochito-Oligosaccharide Nodulation Factors Stimulate Cytoplasmic Polarity with Longitudinal Endoplasmic Reticulum and Vesicles at the Tip in Vetch Root Hairs

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type

Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type

Endoplasmic Microtubules Configure the Subapical Cytoplasm and Are Required for Fast Growth of Medicago truncatulaRoot Hairs

Rearrangement of Actin Cytoskeleton Mediates Invasion ofLotus japonicusRoots byMesorhizobium loti

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