Lipopolysaccharides induce intestinal serum amyloid A expression in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima

Santiago‐Cardona, Pedro G.; Berrı́os, César A; Ramı́rez, Francisco; García‐Arrarás, José E.

doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00068-x

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These include LPS-binding proteins, peptidoglycan-binding protein and β-1,3-glucan recognition protein, which are considered to be constitutively expressed as free-floating molecules or as membrane receptors (Nappi and Ottaviani, 2000). When non-self molecules are recognized, the cellular responses are mediated by phagocytic coelomocytes, which, besides phagocytic activities (Santiago-Cardona et al, 2003), also generate increased levels of cytotoxic compounds and cytokinelike molecules, as described in the sea urchin Arabica punctulata (Lin et al, 2001). These humoral compounds give rise to proteolytic cascades that initiate opsonisation, agglutination, melanisation and the activation of antimicrobial peptides (Ratcliffe et al, 1984;Beck et al, 1993) as well as proliferation of haematopoietic cells (van de Braak et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues of the sea star,Asterias rubens(L.)

Holm

Dupont²,

Sköld³

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe coelomic fluid of the echinoderm Asterias rubens possesses large populations of circulating coelomocytes. This study aimed to expand the knowledge about the haematopoietic sources of these cells. Injection of the immune-stimulating molecules lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) resulted in an increase in coelomocytes. To investigate if these molecules induce cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues (HPTs), short-term exposure of the substitute nucleotide 5-bromo-2Ј-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was conducted. Immunohistochemical analysis, using fluorescein-labelled antibodies to trace BrdU, showed pronounced cell division in the coelomic epithelium and axial organ. In the pyloric caeca, not considered as an HPT, proliferation was not detected. BrdU labelling of monolayers of cells obtained by collagenase treatment of coelomic epithelium, axial organ and Tiedemann body revealed induced cell proliferation in response to both LPS and ConA while proliferation of pyloric caeca and circulating coelomocytes remained sparse. By using confocal microscopy it was observed that both the morphology and functional behaviour of cells released from explants of coelomic epithelium showed high similarity to those of circulating phagocytes. It was concluded that the increased coelomocyte numbers observed in response to LPS and ConA were reflected in an induced cell proliferation in coelomic epithelium, axial organ and Tiedemann body, which reinforces the idea that these organs are HPTs and the sources of coelomocyte renewal. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues of the sea star,Asterias rubens(L.)

Holm

Dupont²,

Sköld³

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…For example, the percentage of ESTs associated with inflammatory response in the 3dpe library was almost double that of the other libraries. At this stage, wound healing is occurring and the immune response must be activated against pathogens that might have entered during evisceration (19,52). Similarly, three functional categories increased in the 7dpe dataset: cell proliferation/apoptosis, cell adhesion, and intracellular signaling.…”

Section: Expression Of Ests During Intestinal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distinct profiles of expressed sequence tags during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumberHolothuria glaberrima

Rojas‐Cartagena

Ortíz-Pineda

Ramírez-Gómez

et al. 2007

Physiological Genomics

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Repair and regeneration are key processes for tissue maintenance, and their disruption may lead to disease states. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underline the repair and regeneration of the digestive tract. The sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima represents an excellent model to dissect and characterize the molecular events during intestinal regeneration. To study the gene expression profile, cDNA libraries were constructed from normal, 3-day, and 7-day regenerating intestines of H. glaberrima. Clones were randomly sequenced and queried against the nonredundant protein database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. RT-PCR analyses were made of several genes to determine their expression profile during intestinal regeneration. A total of 5,173 sequences from three cDNA libraries were obtained. About 46.2, 35.6, and 26.2% of the sequences for the normal, 3-days, and 7-days cDNA libraries, respectively, shared significant similarity with known sequences in the protein database of GenBank but only present 10% of similarity among them. Analysis of the libraries in terms of functional processes, protein domains, and most common sequences suggests that a differential expression profile is taking place during the regeneration process. Further examination of the expressed sequence tag dataset revealed that 12 putative genes are differentially expressed at significant level ( R > 6). Experimental validation by RT-PCR analysis reveals that at least three genes (unknown C-4677-1, melanotransferrin, and centaurin) present a differential expression during regeneration. These findings strongly suggest that the gene expression profile varies among regeneration stages and provide evidence for the existence of differential gene expression.

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“…Therefore, many genes show differential expression during intestinal regeneration (Ortiz-Pineda et al, 2009). However, only a few genes playing important roles in intestinal regeneration in sea cucumbers have been thoroughly studied, such as Wnt9, Bmp1, ependymin, serum amyloid A, survivin, and mortalin (Santiago-Cardona et al, 2003;Suarez-Castillo et al, 2004;Zheng et al, 2006;Mashanov et al, 2010Mashanov et al, , 2012. Therefore, the molecular and genetic basis of intestinal regeneration still needs further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and expression analysis of Wnt6 and Hox6 during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Sun

Yang²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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Lipopolysaccharides induce intestinal serum amyloid A expression in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima

Cited by 46 publications

References 22 publications

Induced cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues of the sea star,Asterias rubens(L.)

Induced cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues of the sea star,Asterias rubens(L.)

Distinct profiles of expressed sequence tags during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumberHolothuria glaberrima

Cloning and expression analysis of Wnt6 and Hox6 during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

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