Liposomes modified with bio-substances for cancer treatment

Li, Yanan; Cong, Hailin; Wang, Song; Yu, Bing; Shen, Youqing

doi:10.1039/d0bm01531h

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Several liposomes encapsulating anticancer drugs and carrying targeting moieties (such as mab, glutathione, EndoTAG-1, and transferrin) are currently in clinical trials [ 55 ]. In PDT, liposomes can target the loaded PSs to cancer cells via active or passive mechanisms.…”

Section: Liposomal Photosensitizer Formulations For Tumor Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood vessels in healthy tissues are organized and tightly packed, which prevents the extravasation of liposomes. On the other hand, the blood vessels of tumor tissues are disorganized, due to the rapid proliferation of the vascular endothelium inside the tumor tissues [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Furthermore, the lymphatic drainage is impaired inside the tumor tissue, resulting in the overexpression of permeability mediators, such as bradykinin, nitric oxide, and prostaglandins, which increase EPR [ 56 ].…”

Section: Liposomal Photosensitizer Formulations For Tumor Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liposome Photosensitizer Formulations for Effective Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

2021

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive strategy in the fight against that which circumvents the systemic toxic effects of chemotherapeutics. It relies on photosensitizers (PSs), which are photoactivated by light irradiation and interaction with molecular oxygen. This generates highly reactive oxygen species (such as 1O2, H2O2, O2, ·OH), which kill cancer cells by necrosis or apoptosis. Despite the promising effects of PDT in cancer treatment, it still suffers from several shortcomings, such as poor biodistribution of hydrophobic PSs, low cellular uptake, and low efficacy in treating bulky or deep tumors. Hence, various nanoplatforms have been developed to increase PDT treatment effectiveness and minimize off-target adverse effects. Liposomes showed great potential in accommodating different PSs, chemotherapeutic drugs, and other therapeutically active molecules. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in encapsulating PSs alone or combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs into liposomes for effective tumor PDT.

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Section: Liposomal Photosensitizer Formulations For Tumor Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liposomal Photosensitizer Formulations For Tumor Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Liposome Photosensitizer Formulations for Effective Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

2021

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“…The main goal of designing NPs as drug delivery systems is to control the particle size, surface properties, and release of pharmaceutically active substances, so that the drug can be accurately delivered to the pathological site under the best time and dosage regimen for treatment. Liposomes have become one of the first nanocarriers used in clinical treatments due to their unique advantages [115]. Liposomes can effectively protect the drug from degradation, target the site of action, and reduce the toxicity or side effects, but their application is limited by inherent problems such as low encapsulation efficiency, rapid seepage of water-soluble drug during in vivo circulation, and poor stability [116].…”

Section: Safety Of Nanocarriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy

Xia

Tao

Zhu

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Cancer is one of the primary causes of worldwide human deaths. Most cancer patients receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but these treatments are usually only partially efficacious and lead to a variety of serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. The emergence of nanotechnology has had a profound impact on general clinical treatment. The application of nanotechnology has facilitated the development of nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that are highly tumor selective and allow for the slow release of active anticancer drugs. In recent years, vehicles such as liposomes, dendrimers and polymer nanomaterials have been considered promising carriers for tumor-specific drug delivery, reducing toxicity and improving biocompatibility. Among them, polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most innovative methods of non-invasive drug delivery. Here, we review the application of polymer NPs in drug delivery, gene therapy, and early diagnostics for cancer therapy.

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“…Ligands are a prerequisite for cancer. Recently, immunotoxin has obtained clinical approval from USFDA, and more than 100 ligand-targeted therapies are under clinical trials [21]. Newly developed phase-display techniques allow selective targeting with higher affinity.…”

Section: Ligands For Cancer Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Cancer Therapy Using Nanoparticles and Antibody Fragments

Bhattacharya¹,

Gore²

2021

Advances in Precision Medicine Oncology

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Cancer is caused by an uncontrolled cell division, forming a tumor capable of metastasis. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional treatments kill healthy cells, causing side effects. Recently, nanomaterials are explored due to properties such as as- nano-size, high loading, and ligands’ attachment for a selective delivery. Apart from normal body cells, cancer cells express many receptors in excess, which serve as ‘targets’ for attacking the cells. Various ligands like proteins, peptides, polysaccharides can be attached to nanoparticles to allow proper and specific reach to the tumor. Such nanoparticles go to their desired site and stick onto the receptors, taken inside the cells by various methods. Antibodies are natural proteins that bind to foreign substances and remove them. IgG being the most explored antibody, suffers from many disadvantages such as non-specificity for required antigen, limited binding sites, low tumor penetration. Hence many researchers experimented by removing and adjusting the binding sites, using only the binding sites, enhancing the valency of naturally available IgG. It gave many benefits such as enhanced penetration, reduced immunogenicity, better delivery of drugs with fewer side effects. Continuing advancements in the field of protein engineering will help scientists to come up with better solutions. The properties allow easy surface interaction and entry, achieve better biodistribution, and reduce the amount of drug required. Targeting is based on Paul Ehrlich’s ‘magic bullet, ‘where the therapeutic moiety has two parts-one to identify the target and the second to eliminate it. This concept is revised to incorporate a third component, a carrier. Many nanocarriers can be used to target cancer cells containing ligands to identify malignant cells. Approaches to targeting are passive, active and physical targeting. Many such nanoparticles are in clinical trials and can be a better solution to cancer therapy.

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Liposomes modified with bio-substances for cancer treatment

Abstract: In recent years, liposomes have been used in the field of biomedicine and have achieved many significant results. Because of the unique characteristics of liposomes, they can be loaded with...

Cited by 58 publications

References 187 publications

Liposome Photosensitizer Formulations for Effective Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

Liposome Photosensitizer Formulations for Effective Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy

Targeted Cancer Therapy Using Nanoparticles and Antibody Fragments

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