Liquefaction in the Kanto region during the 2011 off the pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake

Towhata, Ikuo; Maruyama, Shogo; Kasuda, Kin'ichi; Koseki, Junichi; Wakamatsu, Kazue; Kiku, Hiroyoshi; Kamiya, Takashi; Yasuda, Susumu; Taguchi, Yuichi; Aoyama, Shogo; Hayashida, Toshihiko

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2014.06.016

Cited by 47 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…differs from that of natural deposits (e.g., Towhata et al, 2014). In addition, it is noted that two of the compiled earthquakes (1987 M w 6.5 Edgecumbe; 2004 M w 5.4 Rotoehu) occurred in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, which is known to have higher anelastic attenuation rates than other crustal regions of NZ (Bradley, 2013), and which might thus lessen the spatial distribution of liquefaction.…”

Section: Magnitude-bound Curves Based On Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development of magnitude-bound relations for paleoliquefaction analyses: New Zealand case study

Maurer

Green

Quigley

et al. 2015

Engineering Geology

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a b s t r a c tMagnitude-bound relations are often used to estimate paleoearthquake magnitudes from paleoliquefaction data. This study proposes New Zealand-based magnitude-bound curves that are developed using (a) liquefaction field observations and (b) a newly proposed back-calculation approach that combines the simplified liquefaction evaluation procedure with a regionally appropriate ground motion prediction equation. For (b) both deterministic and probabilistic frameworks are proposed. The magnitude bound curves back-calculated using either the deterministic or probabilistic frameworks are advantageous in that they can be used to predict the spatial distribution of liquefaction in regions where historical liquefaction field observations are limited or poorly documented, and because soil-and site-specific conditions can be incorporated into magnitude-bound analyses. Moreover, curves developed using the probabilistic framework allow for the range of possible causative earthquake magnitudes to be better understood and quantified. To demonstrate the use of the proposed relations, paleoliquefaction features discovered in eastern Christchurch (NZ) are analyzed. The 1869~M w 4.8 Christchurch earthquake and/or 1717~M w 8.1 Alpine Fault earthquake are found to be the most likely candidates amongst known historical and paleoearthquakes for triggering liquefaction over the permissible time range (ca. 1660 to 1905 A.D.). This study demonstrates the potential of the proposed magnitude-bound curves to provide insight in to past, present, and future hazards, proving their utility even in cases of limited evidence. The approach of developing and applying magnitude bound curves proposed herein is not limited to parts of New Zealand, but rather, can be applied worldwide.

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Section: Magnitude-bound Curves Based On Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development of magnitude-bound relations for paleoliquefaction analyses: New Zealand case study

Maurer

Green

Quigley

et al. 2015

Engineering Geology

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“…van Loon et al ., 2016; Pisarska‐Jamroży et al ., 2018a, 2019a; Pisarska‐Jamroży & Woźniak, 2019). The majority of liquefaction features occur at depths between 1 m and 10 m below the respective ground surface (palaeosurface), often at depths between 2 m and 4 m (Obermeier, 1996, 2009; Obermeier et al ., 2002; Towhata et al ., 2014), and are commonly restricted to the uppermost few decimetres making them readily accessible for observation. Nevertheless, unequivocal sedimentological proxies of the episodic, time‐transgressive nature of soft‐sediment deformation and the position of liquefied sediments within the succession during the recurring deformation events are still largely lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Late Pleistocene soft‐sediment deformation by seismicity‐induced liquefaction in north‐western Lithuania

et al. 2021

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Liquefaction can cause deformation of unconsolidated sediment, but specific processes involved and the trigger mechanisms often remain obscured. This study describes multiple deformed sediment layers in a succession of lacustrine sand, silt and clay deposited during the Marine Isotope Stage 5d in north-western Lithuania. The deformation structures (load casts, pseudonodules, ball-and-pillow structures, broken-up laminae and injections) are embedded in ten separate layers of fine-grained, laterally continuous sediments. Detailed mesoscale sedimentological analyses suggest that each deformation event consisted of numerous successive stages of sediment advection facilitated by liquefaction. Low-permeability fine-grained laminae contributed to localized pore-water pressure build-up and lowering of sediment strength. Erosional top surfaces that truncate layers with soft-sediment deformation structures suggest that at least seven deformation events were separated by successive periods of initial erosion and then uninterrupted deposition in the lake. The most likely trigger of the deformation was recurrent palaeoseismic activity possibly linked to a late glacial isostatic adjustment following the Scandinavian Ice Sheet melting after the Saalian glaciation. This study emphasizes the potential role of seismic processes in shaping the sedimentary record of the intraplate region of north-eastern Europe and contributes to constraining the depth of liquefaction, regardless of the actual trigger mechanism.

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“…Together with the intense shaking, diffused liquefaction manifestation was recorded in all susceptible areas of the country, like the young sandy deposits of the northern Sendai and Tohoku or southern Kanto Region, or the reclaimed lands of the Tokyo Bay (e.g. Towhata et al 2014). One of the cities more severely affected by liquefaction is Urayasu, located in the upper Tokyo Bay area, about 400 km away from the epicenter (Fig.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction fragility of sewer pipes derived from the case study of Urayasu (Japan)

Baris

Spacagna

Paolella

et al. 2020

Bull Earthquake Eng

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The damage on supply and drainage water networks is a serious cause of economic disruption for urban systems affected by earthquakes. Among various concerns, the ruptures of sewer pipes and manholes generated by liquefaction determine a particularly severe sanitary hazard and require extensive, costly and time-consuming repairs. Quantitative risk assessment carried out with the characterisation and geographical mapping of seismic hazard, subsoil susceptibility, physical and functional vulnerability of the exposed elements, enables to estimate losses, identify weaknesses, inspire strategies to mitigate the impact of earthquakes and improve resilience. The present study deals with the physical vulnerability of sewer pipelines. Empirical fragility functions are derived from the evidences of liquefaction induced in Urayasu (Japan) by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw9.0). The spatial distribution of seismic signals, subsoil characteristics, pipes and surveyed damages are reconstructed in a GIS platform. An articulated methodology is developed to correlate variables and compensate their limited spatial correspondence, exploiting the complete coverage of the area with terrestrial settlements measured by LiDAR and their strong correlation with damage. Finally, ruptures of pipes are probabilistically quantified adopting a common liquefaction severity indicator as engineering demand parameter and measuring the efficiency of relations with statistical tests.

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Liquefaction in the Kanto region during the 2011 off the pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Development of magnitude-bound relations for paleoliquefaction analyses: New Zealand case study

Development of magnitude-bound relations for paleoliquefaction analyses: New Zealand case study

Repetitive Late Pleistocene soft‐sediment deformation by seismicity‐induced liquefaction in north‐western Lithuania

Liquefaction fragility of sewer pipes derived from the case study of Urayasu (Japan)

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