Liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylates and nonylphenol carboxylic acids in surface water

Houde, François; Deblois, Christian; Berryman, David

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00661-1

Cited by 64 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Finally, NP 1 EC and NP 2 EC (carboxylated biotransformation products of NPE) were analyzed using a watermethanol mixture with ammonium acetate (4 mM), which provided better separation and sensitivity, i.e., the same effects as those reported for LC-MS (Jahnke et al 2004;Houde et al 2002). The chromatograms of standard mixtures obtained under the reported experimental conditions are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Lc Separationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Occurrence and fate of selected surfactants in seawater at the outfall of the Marseille urban sewerage system

Robert‐Peillard

Syakti

Coulomb

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper describes an investigation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and their metabolites in the vicinity of the Marseille sewage outfall (wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 1.860 million inhabitant equivalents, Northwestern Mediterranean, southeast of France). This analytical survey describes their occurrence in the subsurface and sea surface layers and investigates their possible fates in this marine environment. The results indicated the presence of LAS in both layers and up to 3 km from the discharge point, whereas the concentration of sulfophenyl carboxylic acids, which are the main metabolites of LAS, was only significant near the sewer outfall and in the surface layer. The NPEO were present only in minor quantities, especially near the discharge point, and no other selected metabolites were detected. The fate of the surfactants in question was then assessed by two types of experiments according to their potential means of degradation under natural conditions. Biodegradation assays were conducted according to a protocol defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (''Biodegradability in sea water, 835.3160''), with variations in the substrate input frequencies. Photodegradation experiments were carried out in a solar simulator reactor. These results demonstrated the low photodegradability and rapid primary biodegradation of LAS (with half-life times between 10.3 and 11.5 days) in the coastal area under study, although some LAS metabolites were more recalcitrant to biodegradation in this specific environment, which was also validated by linear alkylbenzene analysis in the two selected sediment stations.

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Section: Lc Separationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Occurrence and fate of selected surfactants in seawater at the outfall of the Marseille urban sewerage system

Robert‐Peillard

Syakti

Coulomb

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…More than 600,000 tons/year production of NPnEOs and about 60% amounts are discharged into environmental water via various pathways. [3][4][5][6] When NPnEOs are spread into the aquatic environment, various harmful metabolites are formed through biodegradation process. 7,8 Nonylphenol (NP), one of NPnEOs degradation products, is more toxic than parent compound and it has endocrine disrupting characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Generally, the reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to selective detection technique is widely used to determine traces of NPnEOs. 10 The literature indicated liquid chromatography/fluorescence detector (LC/FLD) has high sensitivity and selectivity for determining the trace amounts of NPnEOs, 5,6,9 However, the compounds containing benzene rings interfere with the signal of NPnEOs when determining NPnEOs by LC/FLD. 6 Recently, separation instrument combined with mass spectrometer such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been shown to be efficient to determine trace NPnEOs and its degradation products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The literature indicated liquid chromatography/fluorescence detector (LC/FLD) has high sensitivity and selectivity for determining the trace amounts of NPnEOs, 5,6,9 However, the compounds containing benzene rings interfere with the signal of NPnEOs when determining NPnEOs by LC/FLD. 6 Recently, separation instrument combined with mass spectrometer such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been shown to be efficient to determine trace NPnEOs and its degradation products. [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The high sensitivity and selectivity of MS can improve the problems of compounds co-eluting and lack of individual standards of NPnEOs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Recently, separation instrument combined with mass spectrometer such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been shown to be efficient to determine trace NPnEOs and its degradation products. [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The high sensitivity and selectivity of MS can improve the problems of compounds co-eluting and lack of individual standards of NPnEOs. The APCI technique of LC/MS was adopted in this study due to the lower matrix interference and more stable analyte response in the NPnEOs analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Determination of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates in Industrial Water Effluents by Liquid Chromatography/Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Lee

Hsu²,

Chu³

et al. 2011

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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In this study, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the trace amounts of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEOs) in industrial water effluents. The modifier of acetic acid added in mobile phase and the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with linear ion trap mass spectrometry were adopted to improve the sensitivity of NPnEOs analysis. The modification extraction technique of NIEA W801.50B method announced by Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency was used as sample preparation. The analytical results show that the LODs of NPnEO analytes were 0.02-10 ng/mL. The proposed method has been successfully applied to monitor trace NPnEOs in real industrial water effluents.

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A systematic derivatization technique for characterization of ethoxylates by GC and GCMS

Ali,

Bhat,

Al‐Ghamdi

et al. 2024

J Surfact & Detergents

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Ethoxylation is one of the common industrial process in which ethylene oxide (EO) is added to compounds containing active hydrogen atom (OH, COOH, SH, NH, etc.) to form surfactants. Alcohol ethoxylates are a major class of non‐ionic surfactants composed of an alkyl chain combined with few EO units. They are widely used in homecare products, personal care products, textiles, oilfield, construction, lubricants, food, paper, leather. The analysis of these ethoxylates possess several challenges since they contain ‘n’ number of EO units (n > 1). With increase in “n,” the product becomes more and more viscous and the boiling point increases making it difficult to analyze by normal gas chromatography (GC) technique. This paper describes a method of derivatizing these ethoxylates so that they can be eluted on a high temperature GC. BSTFA (N, O‐bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide) is used as the derivatizing agent (silylating agent). The ethoxylate combines with BSTFA to form the corresponding trimethylsilylated (TMS) product, which have comparatively lower boiling point. Thus, we detect trimethyl silyl product, which is the resemblance for the ethoxylated product. In this paper, we present a quantitative GC method for the ethoxylates of a few simple alcohols (2‐ethyl hexanol, glycerin), and complex vegetable oils (castor oil). The products formed during the reaction have also been identified on a gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (GCMS). GCMS shows the mass corresponding to the TMS derivatized product. The derivatization technique not only helps in increasing the volatility of these compounds but also improves the chromatographic efficiency, selectivity, and enhances the detectability.

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Liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylates and nonylphenol carboxylic acids in surface water

Cited by 64 publications

References 22 publications

Occurrence and fate of selected surfactants in seawater at the outfall of the Marseille urban sewerage system

Occurrence and fate of selected surfactants in seawater at the outfall of the Marseille urban sewerage system

Determination of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates in Industrial Water Effluents by Liquid Chromatography/Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

A systematic derivatization technique for characterization of ethoxylates by GC and GCMS

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