Liquid chromatographic, thermospray/negative ion, tandem mass spectrometric(LC/TSP/MS/MS) analysis of some explosives

Verweij, Anthonie M.A.; Bruyn, P.C.A.M. de; Choufoer, Cor; Lipman, Peter J.L.

doi:10.1016/0379-0738(93)90087-q

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The detection limits of a series of six explosives were found to range from 0.2 ng (on column) for trinitrotoluene (TNT) to 5 ng for ammonium picrate under full scan MS conditions. Comparable ranges of 0.5-5 ng on column (with a signal-to-noise ratio of three) were found for EGDN, HMX, RDX, DEGDN, NG, 2,4-, 2,6-, 3,4-DNT, TNT, and PETN (for abbreviations see Experimental) in our institute (3). With the TSP ionization method, most of these explosives were detected in one run.…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…When using the same HPLC buffer for one column under the same chromatographic conditions, the separation properties of the system with respect to retention time have been demonstrated to be very stable (3). The standard deviations of the retention time were less than 0.02 min.…”

Section: Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The HPLC conditions for the MeOH/H 2 O/NH 4 Ac conditions were optimized previously (3). It is generally satisfactory to use an isocratic flow for the separation of the explosives studied here.…”

Section: Optimization Of Hplc and Ms Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Sensitive Screening Method for Nitroaromatic, Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography—Atmospheric Pressure Ionization—Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) in Forensic Applications

Craats

Bruyn

2004

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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A highly sensitive screening method based on high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) has been developed for the analysis of 21 nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitrate ester explosives, which include the explosives most commonly encountered in forensic science. Two atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), and various experimental conditions have been applied to allow for the detection of all 21 explosive compounds. The limit of detection (LOD) in the full-scan mode has been found to be 0.012-1.2 ng on column for the screening of most explosives investigated. For nitrobenzene, an LOD of 10 ng was found with the APCI method in the negative mode. Although the detection of nitrobenzene, 2-, 3-, and 4-nitrotoluene is hindered by the difficult ionization of these compounds, we have found that by forming an adduct with glycine, LOD values in the range of 3-16 ng on column can be achieved. Compared with previous screening methods with thermospray ionization, the API method has distinct advantages, including simplicity and stability of the method applied, an extended screening range and a low detection limit for the explosives studied.

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confidence: 63%

Section: Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

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Highly Sensitive Screening Method for Nitroaromatic, Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography—Atmospheric Pressure Ionization—Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) in Forensic Applications

Craats

Bruyn

2004

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-technique has been applied to qualitative analysis of explosives in post-blast debris (Werweij et al, 1993). Tandem MS has stated to be crucial in detection and identification of peroxide explosives from debris.…”

Section: B Tandem Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra‐traces of explosives: A review

Mäkinen

Nousiainen

Sillanpää

2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

147

102

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In recent years, explosive materials have been widely employed for various military applications and civilian conflicts; their use for hostile purposes has increased considerably. The detection of different kind of explosive agents has become crucially important for protection of human lives, infrastructures, and properties. Moreover, both the environmental aspects such as the risk of soil and water contamination and health risks related to the release of explosive particles need to be taken into account. For these reasons, there is a growing need to develop analyzing methods which are faster and more sensitive for detecting explosives. The detection techniques of the explosive materials should ideally serve fast real-time analysis in high accuracy and resolution from a minimal quantity of explosive without involving complicated sample preparation. The performance of the in-field analysis of extremely hazardous material has to be user-friendly and safe for operators. The two closely related ion spectrometric methods used in explosive analyses include mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The four requirements-speed, selectivity, sensitivity, and sampling-are fulfilled with both of these methods.

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Trace and Residue Analysis

Ahuja¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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It is generally recognized that trace analysis implies those analyses that are carried out around 0.0001% or ppm level. Ultratrace analysis, ie, beyond what is ordinarily called trace analysis, can be then defined as analysis performed below ppm or µg/g level. Residue analysis relates to the analysis of residual materials left from an operation, eg, solvents left in pharmaceutical products or pesticides left in food. Analyses performed at or below ppm level are described. Sampling, sample preparation, sample cleanup, and method validation are discussed. In addition, a number of methodologies are covered, such as atomic absorption/emission spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, tlc, gc, hplc, hyphenated methods such as gc/ms and lc/ms, capillary electrophoresis, supercritical fluid chromatography, and immunoassays that allow analyses of both organic and inorganic samples. Applications include areas such as environment, explosives, food, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and a number of miscellaneous fields.

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Liquid chromatographic, thermospray/negative ion, tandem mass spectrometric(LC/TSP/MS/MS) analysis of some explosives

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Highly Sensitive Screening Method for Nitroaromatic, Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography—Atmospheric Pressure Ionization—Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) in Forensic Applications

Highly Sensitive Screening Method for Nitroaromatic, Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives by High Performance Liquid Chromatography—Atmospheric Pressure Ionization—Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-API-MS) in Forensic Applications

Ion spectrometric detection technologies for ultra‐traces of explosives: A review

Trace and Residue Analysis

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