Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food

Abstract

Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relevance for both areas were discussed. This review focused on the common obstacles and peculiarities that each analyte offers (during the sample treatment or the chromatographic separation) throughout the implementation of said methods. A brief description of the techniques which we considered to be more pertinent, commonly used to assay such analytes is provided, including approaches using commonly available detectors (especially in starter labs) as well as mass detection. This manuscript consists of three sections: feed analysis (as the start of the food chain); food destined for human consumption determinations (the end of the food chain); and finally, assays shared by either matrices or laboratories. Analytes discussed consist of both those considered undesirable substances, contaminants, additives, and those related to nutritional quality. Our review is comprised of the examination of polyphenols, capsaicinoids, theobromine and caffeine, cholesterol, mycotoxins, antibiotics, amino acids, triphenylmethane dyes, nitrates/nitrites, ethanol soluble carbohydrates/sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, hydro and liposoluble vitamins. All analytes are currently assayed in our laboratories.

Geographical Origin Authentication of Agri-Food Products: A Review

“…Modern instruments used for the above processes include plasma laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [8], fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, chromatographic techniques as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzymatic assays (ELISA), techniques DNA based and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) with high measurement accuracy, which were developed to serve this need [3,[9][10][11].…”

Maltitol: Analytical Determination Methods, Applications in the Food Industry, Metabolism and Health Impacts

“…Sample extraction was performed with water at 80 • C for 30 min for gums and candies, and with 50% alcohols at 80 • C for 30 min, after fat removal, for chocolate and processed chocolate products, followed by centrifugation and filtration (0.22 µm PVDF syringe filter) [33]. Unlike amino-based columns, amide-based columns are able to retain analytes over a wide pH range in the mobile phase [38]. These authors tested columns of various lengths (50, 100, 150 mm) and recommended employing the longest column because shorter lengths negatively impact resolution [33].…”

“…These authors tested columns of various lengths (50, 100, 150 mm) and recommended employing the longest column because shorter lengths negatively impact resolution [33]. Nonetheless, the response peaks achieved in the longer columns are often wider, which means less sensitivity given increased diffusion [38]. This method resulted in separation of eight sugar alcohols and five sugars within 15 min without derivatisation, which is a noteworthy outcome.…”

Nutrients: trace metals, micronutrients, oestrogen and B-vitamin content of Osun River: A River that runs southwestern Nigeria into the Atlantic Gulf of Guinea

“…Vitamins and Methionine analysis were analysed using the liquid chromatographic method (Abano et al, (2014) and Cortés-Herrera et al, (2019). Water samples for vitamin and methionine analysis were filtered through 0.22µm polypropylene Calyx capsule filters and collected in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) dark bottles and stored frozen until analysis.…”