Liquid Crystalline Phases Having Particularly Low Freezing Points

Kelker, H.; Scheurle, B.; Hatz, R.; Bartsch, Werner

doi:10.1002/anie.197009621

Cited by 28 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, these Schiff's bases were again found to be easily hydrolyzed and, thus, were not suitable for display applications. In 1970, H. Kelker of Hoechst synthesized new materials based on azoxy compounds [53] and E. Merck offered such materials to display makers [54] (see Fig. 25).…”

Section: Cyanobiphenyls-the First Commercially Usable Liquid Crysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of liquid-crystal displays

Kawamoto¹

2002

Proc. IEEE

293

127

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The modern history of liquid crystals has been dominated by the development of electronic displays. These developments began in 1964, when Heilmeier of RCA Laboratories discovered the guest-host mode and the dynamic-scattering mode. He thought a wall-sized flat-panel color TV was just around the corner. From that point on, twisted-nematic (TN) mode, super TN mode, amorphous-Si field-effect transistor, and room-temperature liquid crystals were developed. In the beginning, liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) were limited to niche applications such as small-size displays for digital watches, pocket calculators, and small handheld devices. That all changed with the development of the notebook computer industry. In 1988, Washizuka et al. of Sharp Corporation demonstrated an active-matrix full-color full-motion 14-in display using a thin-film-transistor array. The electronics industries now recognized that Heilmeier's 25-year dream of a wall-hanging television had become reality. LCDs could be used to replace existing cathode ray tubes. Through the cooperation and competition of many electronics giants, the LCD industry was firmly established.

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Section: Cyanobiphenyls-the First Commercially Usable Liquid Crysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of liquid-crystal displays

Kawamoto¹

2002

Proc. IEEE

293

127

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“…Although liquid crystals were discovered in 1888 by Renitzer, its use in electronically addressed displays dates back to the 1960's only. A breakthrough for LC applications occurs with the discovery of MBBA in the late 1960's [3], which exhibits the nematic phase at room temperature. This was followed by the discovery of cyanobiphenyls [4], which are more stable to heat and light and have strong birefringence property, thus paving the way for LC display applications.…”

Section: Overview Of Liquid Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid crystal experiment for undergraduate engineering students

Jalil

2003

SPIE Proceedings

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An undergraduate experiment to investigate the optical properties of liquid crystals (LC) is described. The target students are final-year undergraduates pursuing an advanced optoelectronics course at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of the National University of Singapore. In the first part of the experiment, the retardation of light by a LC cell is determined by analyzing the polarization state of light passing through the cell. In the second part, the time response of the LC molecules is obtained by applying a time-varying voltage to the LC cell. The objectives of the experiment are to i) provide a hands-on experience of an optical source-modulator-detector system, in response to the needs of industry, ii) illustrate a practical application of Jones matrix analysis, iii) establish a link between the molecular properties of an LC medium and their optical properties and iv) show how the material properties of a LC material may influence its use in display devices.

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“…But have you ever considered the problems involved in analysis of these electrooptieally sensitive, unusual chemical mixtures? Gas chromatography (GC) or on-line gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been used with some success in the past (1,2), but we have found on-line liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to be the most useful technique in the analysis of these liquid crystal mixtures.…”

Section: Die Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%