Liquid Crystalline Substances from Virus-infected Plants

Bawden, F. C.; Pirie, N. W.; Bernal, J. D.; Fankuchen, I.

doi:10.1038/1381051a0

Cited by 408 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The ratio κD is relevant as a measure of ionic strength. Dimensional inspection of the expression in equation (2) shows that the strength of the electrostatic interactions is determined by the dimensionless (square of the) line charge density…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of suspensions of non-spherical colloidal particles started with the experimental works of Zocher [1] and Bawden et al [2], and with Onsager's theoretical work [3]. It has since developed into a very versatile field of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has since developed into a very versatile field of research. A lot of attention has been focussed on needle-shaped rods, either naturally occurring ones such as viruses like Tobacco Mosaic Virus or fd virus [2,4,5], or laboratory-synthesized ones such as Boehmite rods [6]. In recent years, however, a plethora of non-spherical particles have been synthesized that are not extremely elongated, for example: ellipsoidal colloids with aspect ratio ∼ 3 [7]; colloidal dumbbells [8]; or nano-particles with the shape of a rod, disk, snowman, cube, cap, or raspberry, [9,10,11,12,13,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective shape and phase behavior of short charged rods

2009

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We explicitly calculate the orientation-dependent second virial coefficient of short charged rods in an electrolytic solvent, assuming the rod-rod interactions to be a pairwise sum of hard-core and segmental screened-Coulomb repulsions. From the parallel and isotropically averaged second virial coefficient, we calculate the effective length and diameter of the rods, for charges and screening lengths that vary over several orders of magnitude. Using these effective dimensions, we determine the phase diagram, where we distinguish a low-charge and strong-screening regime with a liquid crystalline nematic and smectic phase, and a high-charge and weak-screening regime with a plastic crystal phase in the phase diagram.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective shape and phase behavior of short charged rods

2009

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“…where σ(r 12 , ω 1 , ω 2 ) is the contact distance which depends on the relative orientations between ω 1 and ω 2 and the centre-of-mass inter-separation of the pair of anisotropic particles,…”

Section: Generalised Van Der Waals-onsager Free-energy Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Describing the Liquid-Crystalline States of Polypeptide Solutions: A Coarse-Grained Model of PBLG in DMF

Müller

Jackson

2014

Macromolecules

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A perturbation theory is employed to construct a free-energy functional capable of describing the isotropic and nematic phases of attractive rod-like particles. An algebraic van der Waals-Onsager equation of state is then developed to determine the global phase behaviour of prolate particles for various aspect ratios and strengths of the attractive potential. Compared with the phase diagram of their athermal analogues, the incorporation of an attractive potential is seen to stabilize the nematic state leading to an increase in the degree of orientational order of the system at high densities. The most salient feature of these fluids is the existence of regions of nematic-nematic phase separation. The simple model is used to describe the phase behaviour of solutions of a relatively rigid polypeptide, poly-(γ -benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG), in dimethylformamide (DMF); this system exhibits a unique phase separation between two liquidcrystalline states. The coarse-grained representation of the mesogen employed herein * To whom correspondence should be addressed 1 is a hard spherocylinder decorated with an attractive square-well potential which acts at the center of mass of the particle. A quantitative description of the experimental isotropic-nematic phase behaviour of the PBLG solutions can be achieved from the proposed model with the use of just two temperature-dependent parameters.

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“…The earliest reports date back to the 1920s and 1930s, when suspensions of rodand platelike colloids were found to exhibit the isotropic (I) to nematic (N) phase transition. For rodlike colloids, the I-N transition was found to occur in suspensions of vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) ribbons [5] and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) rods [6]. Already in the 1940s, Lars Onsager proposed an explanation for the I-N transition on a purely entropic basis [7]: the competition between packing entropy (which favours the nematic state) and orientational entropy (favouring the isotropic state) determines the I-N phase behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of the hexagonal columnar liquid-crystal phase of hard colloidal platelets by high-resolution SAXS

et al. 2005

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Abstract. We report Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) measurements of the columnar phase of hard colloidal gibbsite platelets. We have been able to create large oriented domains of the columnar phase both perpendicular and parallel to the sample wall, varying the volume fraction of platelets and adding non-adsorbing polymer to the dispersion. In conjunction with the increased resolution of the SAXS setup, this allowed a detailed analysis of the columnar phase, providing unambiguous evidence for the hexagonal nature of the phase.

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Liquid Crystalline Substances from Virus-infected Plants

Cited by 408 publications

References 3 publications

Effective shape and phase behavior of short charged rods

Effective shape and phase behavior of short charged rods

Understanding and Describing the Liquid-Crystalline States of Polypeptide Solutions: A Coarse-Grained Model of PBLG in DMF

Evidence of the hexagonal columnar liquid-crystal phase of hard colloidal platelets by high-resolution SAXS

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